{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057417608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","title":"Gradient estimation in global optimization algorithms","display_name":"Gradient estimation in global optimization algorithms","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057417608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","mag":"2057417608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073332268","display_name":"Megan Hazen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138199","display_name":"University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03d17d270","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701","https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Megan Hazen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111921762","display_name":"Maya R. Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maya R. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073332268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138199"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84573089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1841","last_page":"1848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6517259478569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-optimization","display_name":"Global optimization","score":0.567969799041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5443060994148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5062850713729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.491039514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-method","display_name":"Gradient method","score":0.48645254969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.48429054021835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.41912221908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2760912775993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0851006805896759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6517259478569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570875","display_name":"Global optimization","level":2,"score":0.567969799041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5443060994148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5062850713729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.491039514541626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115680565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977448","display_name":"Gradient method","level":2,"score":0.48645254969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.48429054021835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.41912221908569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2760912775993347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0851006805896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.331.8689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.331.8689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/guptalab/publications/HazenGuptaCEC2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62429925","https://openalex.org/W203276351","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1502377060","https://openalex.org/W1587861032","https://openalex.org/W1588460267","https://openalex.org/W2011755942","https://openalex.org/W2014337138","https://openalex.org/W2047028564","https://openalex.org/W2049088815","https://openalex.org/W2079777091","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2128919222","https://openalex.org/W2139339670","https://openalex.org/W2143550754","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2306541546","https://openalex.org/W4255455317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3019402777","https://openalex.org/W4386596916","https://openalex.org/W1579561123","https://openalex.org/W2047105028","https://openalex.org/W167034497","https://openalex.org/W2003581559","https://openalex.org/W2999982809","https://openalex.org/W1973286416","https://openalex.org/W2748624329","https://openalex.org/W816583284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,10,30],"role":[1],"of":[2,12,27,32,39,53],"gradient":[3,15,28,55,71],"estimation":[4,56],"in":[5,58],"global":[6,41,61],"optimization":[7,62],"is":[8,16,43],"investigated.":[9],"concept":[11],"a":[13,19],"regional":[14],"introduced":[17],"as":[18],"tool":[20],"for":[21,45],"analyzing":[22],"and":[23,68],"comparing":[24],"different":[25,33,54],"types":[26],"estimates.":[29],"correlation":[31],"estimated":[34,70],"gradients":[35],"to":[36],"the":[37,40,51],"direction":[38],"optima":[42],"evaluated":[44],"standard":[46],"test":[47],"functions.":[48],"Experiments":[49],"quantify":[50],"impact":[52],"techniques":[57],"two":[59],"population-based":[60],"algorithms:":[63],"fully-informed":[64],"particle":[65],"swarm":[66],"(FIPS)":[67],"multiresolutional":[69],"architecture":[72],"(MEGA).":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}