{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990767698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","title":"Agent Smith: Towards an evolutionary rule-based agent for interactive dynamic games","display_name":"Agent Smith: Towards an evolutionary rule-based agent for interactive dynamic games","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990767698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","mag":"1990767698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000160678","display_name":"Ryan K. Small","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Small","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110283171","display_name":"Clare Bates Congdon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73443619","display_name":"University of Southern Maine","ror":"https://ror.org/03ke6tv85","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802397601","https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clare Bates Congdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000160678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73443619"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9424381,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"660","last_page":"666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7850675582885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.644702136516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.620194673538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.6066663861274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5626952052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.510019838809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-evolution","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","score":0.49551236629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-system","display_name":"Rule-based system","score":0.4684959053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-based-evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Human-based evolutionary computation","score":0.4585007131099701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-music","display_name":"Evolutionary music","score":0.4582573175430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.44069936871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Interactive evolutionary computation","score":0.4222128689289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.4139520525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.40473857522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.19738343358039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-programming","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","score":0.12794238328933716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7850675582885742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.644702136516571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.620194673538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6066663861274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5626952052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.510019838809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10906938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593687","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","level":3,"score":0.49551236629486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149271511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417149","display_name":"Rule-based system","level":2,"score":0.4684959053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158564503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936745","display_name":"Human-based evolutionary computation","level":5,"score":0.4585007131099701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157741563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5418712","display_name":"Evolutionary music","level":5,"score":0.4582573175430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.44069936871528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123189799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045380","display_name":"Interactive evolutionary computation","level":4,"score":0.4222128689289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4139520525932312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.40473857522010803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.19738343358039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121835503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2596288","display_name":"Evolutionary programming","level":3,"score":0.12794238328933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2009.4983008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1659842140","https://openalex.org/W1989101984","https://openalex.org/W1999128321","https://openalex.org/W2007436726","https://openalex.org/W2008088085","https://openalex.org/W2137796925","https://openalex.org/W2138790510","https://openalex.org/W2144522827","https://openalex.org/W2158510558","https://openalex.org/W2171968280","https://openalex.org/W2496221789","https://openalex.org/W6683082064"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528958959","https://openalex.org/W1573147006","https://openalex.org/W1915304416","https://openalex.org/W2362444284","https://openalex.org/W4879471","https://openalex.org/W41249964","https://openalex.org/W68304801","https://openalex.org/W68431430","https://openalex.org/W146927993","https://openalex.org/W2482072397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62],"goal":[1,39],"of":[2,33,40,114,140,143,154,167],"this":[3,41,129],"project":[4,42],"is":[5,43,65,82,109],"to":[6,10,44,57,92,159],"develop":[7],"an":[8,101],"agent":[9,29,81,117],"play":[11],"the":[12,28,53,59,80,95,107,116,126,138,149,152,156,165,175],"first-person":[13],"shooter":[14],"game":[15],"Unreal":[16],"Tournament":[17],"2004":[18],",":[19],"a":[20,49,68,86,112,161],"fast-paced":[21],"and":[22,84,146,164],"dynamic":[23],"environment":[24],"that":[25,27],"demands":[26],"must":[30],"be":[31],"capable":[32],"making":[34],"decisions":[35],"quickly.":[36],"An":[37],"additional":[38],"explore":[45],"evolutionary":[46,102,157,176],"computation":[47,103],"as":[48,78,91],"means":[50],"for":[51,94,122,148],"learning":[52],"rule":[54,150,162],"sets":[55],"used":[56],"control":[58],"game-playing":[60],"agent.":[61],"agent's":[63],"behavior":[64,108],"controlled":[66],"by":[67],"rule-based":[69],"system,":[70],"which":[71,106],"looks":[72],"at":[73],"multiple":[74],"high-level":[75,88,144],"conditions,":[76],"such":[77,90],"whether":[79],"weak,":[83],"determines":[85],"single":[87],"action,":[89],"head":[93],"nearest":[96],"known":[97],"healing":[98],"source.":[99],"Using":[100],"approach,":[104],"in":[105,128,172],"evolved":[110],"over":[111],"number":[113],"generations,":[115],"learns":[118],"increasingly":[119],"better":[120],"strategies":[121],"its":[123],"environment.":[124],"Through":[125],"work":[127],"project,":[130],"we":[131],"are":[132],"exploring":[133],"several":[134],"research":[135],"questions,":[136],"including":[137],"development":[139],"successful":[141],"vocabulary":[142],"conditions":[145],"actions":[147],"set,":[151,163],"challenges":[153],"using":[155,168],"process":[158],"hone":[160],"effects":[166],"some":[169],"expert":[170],"knowledge":[171],"combination":[173],"with":[174],"process.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}