{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2013500188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","title":"Formality based genetic programming","display_name":"Formality based genetic programming","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2013500188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","mag":"2013500188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034822260","display_name":"Pei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1099-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University of China, Wuhan, China","School of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University of China, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108535007","display_name":"Lishan Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lishan Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University and China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering, Wuhan University and China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019863465","display_name":"Fu Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4453-2450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communications Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0072,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74264621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4080","last_page":"4087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formality","display_name":"Formality","score":0.8714981079101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.653150200843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.5915462970733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5560643672943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2023615837097168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777159308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757948","display_name":"Formality","level":2,"score":0.8714981079101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.653150200843811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.5915462970733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5560643672943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2023615837097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109993195","https://openalex.org/W1508419498","https://openalex.org/W1540092922","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1931177379","https://openalex.org/W1968736628","https://openalex.org/W1974940962","https://openalex.org/W1984815740","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2013097266","https://openalex.org/W2020391296","https://openalex.org/W2034717157","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2106007969","https://openalex.org/W2110893787","https://openalex.org/W2113475831","https://openalex.org/W2114776669","https://openalex.org/W2115503997","https://openalex.org/W2115616825","https://openalex.org/W2145013194","https://openalex.org/W2162320128","https://openalex.org/W2176526388","https://openalex.org/W2597376266","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W4213079124","https://openalex.org/W4230781079","https://openalex.org/W4231555653","https://openalex.org/W4245009196","https://openalex.org/W4251228600","https://openalex.org/W4296471858","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6631501427","https://openalex.org/W6685609070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W25517187","https://openalex.org/W2480381080","https://openalex.org/W2193232575","https://openalex.org/W2329847998","https://openalex.org/W2500726251","https://openalex.org/W4250466770","https://openalex.org/W138719379","https://openalex.org/W1838148781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genetic":[0],"programming":[1],"(GP)":[2],"is":[3,33,97,105],"an":[4,94],"illogical":[5],"method":[6],"for":[7,86],"automatic":[8],"programming.":[9],"It":[10],"shows":[11],"creativity":[12],"in":[13,22,62,76],"discovering":[14],"a":[15,37,77],"desired":[16],"program":[17,96],"to":[18,35,109],"solve":[19],"problem,":[20],"but":[21],"essence":[23],"bases":[24],"its":[25,110],"searching":[26],"principle":[27],"on":[28],"software":[29],"testing.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"dedicated":[34],"establishing":[36],"novel":[38],"GP":[39,43],"which":[40],"combines":[41],"classical":[42],"and":[44,52,113],"formal":[45],"approaches":[46],"like":[47],"Hoare\u2019s":[48],"logic,":[49],"model":[50],"checking,":[51],"automaton,":[53],"etc.":[54],"The":[55],"result":[56],"indicates":[57],"these":[58],"methods":[59],"can":[60,100],"collaborate":[61],"the":[63,72,87,90],"framework":[64],"pretty":[65],"well.":[66],"As":[67],"has":[68],"been":[69],"demonstrated":[70],"by":[71],"experiment,":[73],"they":[74],"work":[75],"way":[78],"that":[79],"preserves":[80],"their":[81],"advantages":[82],"while":[83],"each":[84],"compensates":[85],"deficiencies":[88],"of":[89],"other.":[91],"So,":[92],"once":[93],"approximate":[95],"obtained,":[98],"we":[99],"say":[101],"with":[102,107],"certainty":[103],"it":[104],"correct":[106],"respect":[108],"corresponding":[111],"pre-":[112],"post-conditions.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}