{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2057056834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","title":"Evolving a logo design using Lindenmayer systems, Postscript &amp;#x00026; Grammatical Evolution","display_name":"Evolving a logo design using Lindenmayer systems, Postscript &amp;#x00026; Grammatical Evolution","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2057056834","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","mag":"2057056834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001619292","display_name":"Michael O\u2019Neill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-417X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael O'Neill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, University College Dublin, Ireland","Natural Comput. Res.&Applic. Group, Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Comput. Res.&Applic. Group, Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045190581","display_name":"Anthony Brabazon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8070-294X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Brabazon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, University College Dublin, Ireland","Natural Comput. Res.&Applic. Group, Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Computing Research & Applications Group, University College Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natural Comput. Res.&Applic. Group, Univ. Coll. Dublin, Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001619292"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91239609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3788","last_page":"3794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11349","display_name":"Music Technology and Sound Studies","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.925000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammatical-evolution","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","score":0.8457521200180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.7678972482681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6998685598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.5502411127090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5392232537269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5255671739578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5055966377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4918696880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.47609126567840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.4356876611709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logo","display_name":"Logo (programming language)","score":0.424172043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-computation","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","score":0.4161697030067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4033738374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3270782232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2583451569080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.20839077234268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.15551257133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.14838117361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.0826980471611023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10906938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5593687","display_name":"Grammatical evolution","level":3,"score":0.8457521200180054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.7678972482681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6998685598373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.5502411127090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5392232537269592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5255671739578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5055966377258301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4918696880340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47609126567840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4356876611709595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201436","display_name":"Logo (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.424172043800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105902424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1197129","display_name":"Evolutionary computation","level":2,"score":0.4161697030067444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4033738374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3270782232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2583451569080353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.20839077234268188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.15551257133483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.14838117361068726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0826980471611023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2008.4631311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W146540540","https://openalex.org/W346524211","https://openalex.org/W1486487013","https://openalex.org/W1493111470","https://openalex.org/W1503370304","https://openalex.org/W1514436730","https://openalex.org/W1517016597","https://openalex.org/W1522783789","https://openalex.org/W1550950318","https://openalex.org/W1551554925","https://openalex.org/W1568906816","https://openalex.org/W1593481303","https://openalex.org/W1635300549","https://openalex.org/W1768246511","https://openalex.org/W1880431677","https://openalex.org/W1983250394","https://openalex.org/W2010769244","https://openalex.org/W2019580310","https://openalex.org/W2032990210","https://openalex.org/W2055911370","https://openalex.org/W2064687953","https://openalex.org/W2100604298","https://openalex.org/W2112255043","https://openalex.org/W2146487734","https://openalex.org/W2151019861","https://openalex.org/W2169026809","https://openalex.org/W2293218717","https://openalex.org/W2296218809","https://openalex.org/W2313831623","https://openalex.org/W2531624315","https://openalex.org/W4245407374","https://openalex.org/W6611735916","https://openalex.org/W6630746784","https://openalex.org/W6635409236","https://openalex.org/W6636430386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3158363337","https://openalex.org/W2077803189","https://openalex.org/W1559197046","https://openalex.org/W2575109650","https://openalex.org/W4297582752","https://openalex.org/W4285805405","https://openalex.org/W1998264267","https://openalex.org/W2550292406","https://openalex.org/W1606502848","https://openalex.org/W123155282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"an":[2,43],"application":[3],"of":[4,10,42],"grammatical":[5,34],"evolution":[6,35],"to":[7,32,65,79],"the":[8,19,33,40,52,56,70,82],"exploration":[9],"Lindenmayer":[11],"systems.":[12],"The":[13,37,59],"resulting":[14],"L-systems":[15],"are":[16],"expressed":[17],"in":[18],"postscript":[20,26],"language,":[21],"and":[22,78],"as":[23,30,51],"such":[24],"a":[25,48,67,85],"grammar":[27],"was":[28,64,84],"provided":[29],"input":[31],"algorithm.":[36],"system":[38],"takes":[39],"form":[41],"interactive":[44],"evolutionary":[45],"algorithm,":[46],"with":[47],"human-in-the-loop":[49],"acting":[50],"fitness":[53],"function":[54],"for":[55,61,69],"generated":[57],"L-systems.":[58],"motivation":[60],"this":[62,80],"research":[63],"evolve":[66],"logo":[68],"UCD":[71],"Natural":[72],"Computing":[73],"Research":[74],"&":[75],"Applications":[76],"group,":[77],"end":[81],"study":[83],"success.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
