{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132616936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","title":"Evolving a Learning Machine by Genetic Programming","display_name":"Evolving a Learning Machine by Genetic Programming","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132616936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","mag":"2132616936"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067285616","display_name":"Eva Alfaro-Cid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Alfaro-Cid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, 46022, Spain (phone: +34 96 387 72 60; fax: +34 96 387 72 39; email: evalfaro@iti.upv.es)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, 46022, Spain (phone: +34 96 387 72 60; fax: +34 96 387 72 39; email: evalfaro@iti.upv.es)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111640374","display_name":"K.C. Sharman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sharman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","fax: +34 96 387 72 39"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"fax: +34 96 387 72 39","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026427534","display_name":"Anna I. Esparcia-Alc\u00e1zar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-4039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134847","display_name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de Investigaci\u00f3n, Desarrollo e Innovaci\u00f3n en tecnolog\u00edas de la Informaci\u00f3n y las Comunicaciones (TIC)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s69db58","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.I. Esparcia-Alcazar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","email: evalfaro@iti.upv.es)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Inform\u00e1tica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"email: evalfaro@iti.upv.es)","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067285616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134847","https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12835502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2439","issue":null,"first_page":"254","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"Genetic programming","score":0.7717835307121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7631467580795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.6799630522727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6184055805206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.560300350189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5500534772872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.48954853415489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47785326838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4422963261604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4332898259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4313802123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0949256420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09208446741104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08303168416023254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.7717835307121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7631467580795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.6799630522727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6184055805206299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.560300350189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5500534772872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48954853415489197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47785326838493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4422963261604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4332898259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4313802123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0949256420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09208446741104126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08303168416023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2006.1688316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 IEEE International Conference on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63718161","https://openalex.org/W200711046","https://openalex.org/W1562393358","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1602035874","https://openalex.org/W1712319414","https://openalex.org/W1897783922","https://openalex.org/W2018229551","https://openalex.org/W2726772824","https://openalex.org/W6602664049","https://openalex.org/W6633620459","https://openalex.org/W6637501194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357124094","https://openalex.org/W2387399993","https://openalex.org/W2389739210","https://openalex.org/W2348924972","https://openalex.org/W2365736347","https://openalex.org/W2047454415","https://openalex.org/W2012676909","https://openalex.org/W1585212810","https://openalex.org/W2353965122","https://openalex.org/W2001283270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"describe":[1],"a":[2,7,17,32,36,41,51,71,74],"novel":[3],"technique":[4],"for":[5],"evolving":[6],"machine":[8,13],"that":[9,22],"can":[10,84],"learn.":[11],"The":[12,65,82],"is":[14,38,70],"evolved":[15],"using":[16],"Genetic":[18],"Programming":[19],"(GP)":[20],"algorithm":[21,44],"incorporates":[23],"in":[24,89],"its":[25],"function":[26],"set":[27],"what":[28],"we":[29],"have":[30],"called":[31],"\"learning":[33],"node\".":[34],"Such":[35],"node":[37],"tuned":[39],"by":[40],"second":[42],"optimization":[43],"(in":[45],"this":[46],"case":[47],"Simulated":[48],"Annealing),":[49],"mimicking":[50],"natural":[52],"learning":[53],"process":[54],"and":[55,63],"providing":[56],"the":[57,68],"GP":[58],"tree":[59],"with":[60,73,78],"added":[61],"flexibility":[62],"adaptability.":[64],"result":[66],"of":[67],"evolution":[69],"system":[72,83],"fixed":[75],"structure":[76],"but":[77],"some":[79],"variable":[80],"parameters.":[81],"then":[85],"learn":[86],"new":[87,90],"tasks":[88],"environments":[91],"without":[92],"undergoing":[93],"further":[94],"evolution.":[95]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
