{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134556256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","title":"Two-Layered Face Detection System using Evolutionary Algorithm","display_name":"Two-Layered Face Detection System using Evolutionary Algorithm","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134556256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","mag":"2134556256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010880762","display_name":"Jun-Su Jang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Su Jang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100718523","display_name":"Jong-Hwan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-4174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Hwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Korea Adv. Inst. of Sci. & Technol. Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5982,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72082958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1509","last_page":"1515"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9718999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7379809021949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6915479898452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6322836875915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6169202923774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6046697497367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.594984769821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5414969325065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.5383632183074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenface","display_name":"Eigenface","score":0.5321910381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4819631278514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4814438223838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4366147816181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.41250473260879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3692593574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15995171666145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06764796376228333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7379809021949768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6915479898452759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6322836875915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6169202923774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6046697497367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.594984769821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5414969325065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.5383632183074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104906051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29695","display_name":"Eigenface","level":4,"score":0.5321910381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4819631278514862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4814438223838806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4366147816181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.41250473260879517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3692593574523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15995171666145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06764796376228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2005.1554868","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2005 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.104.3693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.104.3693","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://rit.kaist.ac.kr/upload_files/conference/180.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992632315","https://openalex.org/W2046399019","https://openalex.org/W2079155956","https://openalex.org/W2092620989","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2122274805","https://openalex.org/W2124351082","https://openalex.org/W2128716185","https://openalex.org/W2131035963","https://openalex.org/W2133860751","https://openalex.org/W2136405083","https://openalex.org/W2136885049","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2155511848","https://openalex.org/W2159686933","https://openalex.org/W2163965432","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166160865","https://openalex.org/W2171723121","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W3148076546","https://openalex.org/W6679716883","https://openalex.org/W6684365367"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160911891","https://openalex.org/W2779406006","https://openalex.org/W2292842372","https://openalex.org/W2797230162","https://openalex.org/W2000101267","https://openalex.org/W2391937622","https://openalex.org/W4364362336","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4285815683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,19,37,51,64,100],"novel":[4],"face":[5,23,26,80,87,119],"detection":[6,88],"method":[7,113],"based":[8],"on":[9,117],"principal":[10],"component":[11],"analysis":[12],"(PCA)":[13],"and":[14,36,82,106],"evolutionary":[15],"algorithm":[16],"(EA).":[17],"In":[18],"view-based":[20],"approach":[21],"to":[22,55,62,69],"detection,":[24],"the":[25,71,111],"is":[27,41,50,60,67,90,114],"treated":[28],"as":[29],"an":[30],"input":[31],"vector":[32,52],"of":[33,74,110],"high":[34],"dimension;":[35],"multivariate":[38],"Gaussian":[39],"model":[40],"often":[42],"employed":[43,68],"in":[44],"representing":[45],"these":[46],"faces.":[47],"A":[48],"near-face":[49,83],"which,":[53],"according":[54],"certain":[56],"specified":[57],"distance":[58],"measure,":[59],"close":[61],"being":[63],"face.":[65],"EA":[66],"estimate":[70],"covariance":[72],"matrix":[73],"this":[75],"model,":[76],"which":[77,96],"discriminates":[78],"between":[79],"class":[81],"class.":[84],"The":[85,108],"proposed":[86,112],"system":[89],"characterized":[91],"by":[92],"EA-based":[93],"two-layered":[94],"classifier":[95],"are":[97],"designed":[98],"with":[99],"cascade":[101],"structure":[102],"for":[103],"efficient":[104],"performance":[105,109],"computation.":[107],"experimentally":[115],"verified":[116],"BioID":[118],"database.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}