{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131818509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","title":"Generalized LDA using relevance weighting and evolution strategy","display_name":"Generalized LDA using relevance weighting and evolution strategy","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131818509","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","mag":"2131818509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109613977","display_name":"E. K. Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.K. Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025626208","display_name":"Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam Suganthan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.N. Suganthan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635494","display_name":"Xin Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8837-4442"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Binningham, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Binningham, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7694,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71935344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2230","last_page":"2234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.7911311984062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7037994265556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.659633219242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6491104364395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6388616561889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5808178782463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5179709196090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49513617157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-fisher-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","score":0.4730117619037628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3422391414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.15838313102722168}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.7911311984062195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7037994265556335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.659633219242096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6491104364395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6388616561889648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5808178782463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5179709196090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49513617157936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181367576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6394184","display_name":"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis","level":4,"score":0.4730117619037628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3422391414642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.15838313102722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1331174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.343.668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.343.668","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594031697","https://openalex.org/W1961528379","https://openalex.org/W2080400971","https://openalex.org/W2084812512","https://openalex.org/W2135190479","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2137611320","https://openalex.org/W2144636407","https://openalex.org/W2145833756","https://openalex.org/W2158114849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141981133","https://openalex.org/W2386228546","https://openalex.org/W2086055175","https://openalex.org/W2365801610","https://openalex.org/W2388048830","https://openalex.org/W2150796457","https://openalex.org/W2016459271","https://openalex.org/W2566759662","https://openalex.org/W2788610776","https://openalex.org/W3145966574"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"pattern":[1],"classification":[2],"area,":[3],"linear":[4,18],"discriminant":[5],"analysis":[6],"(LDA)":[7],"is":[8,64],"one":[9,68],"of":[10,43,77],"the":[11,21,27,33,47,56,60,75,96,102],"most":[12],"traditional":[13],"methods":[14],"to":[15,20,70,90,95,100],"find":[16],"a":[17,41],"solution":[19],"feature":[22],"extraction":[23],"problem,":[24],"which":[25,45,59],"maximise":[26],"ratio":[28],"between":[29],"between-class":[30],"scatter":[31,36,63],"and":[32,99],"within":[34,61],"class":[35,48,62,69],"(Fisher's":[37],"criterion).":[38],"We":[39,80],"propose":[40],"variant":[42],"LDA":[44,52],"incorporates":[46],"conjunctions":[49],"thereby":[50],"making":[51],"more":[53,93],"robust":[54],"for":[55],"problems":[57],"in":[58,87],"quite":[65],"different":[66],"from":[67],"another,":[71],"while":[72],"retaining":[73],"all":[74],"merits":[76],"conventional":[78],"LDA.":[79],"also":[81],"integrate":[82],"an":[83],"evolutionary":[84],"search":[85],"procedure":[86],"our":[88],"algorithm":[89],"make":[91],"it":[92],"unbiased":[94],"training":[97],"samples":[98],"improve":[101],"robustness.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}