{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1579302489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","title":"An artificial immune system strategy for robust chemical spectra classification via distributed heterogeneous sensors","display_name":"An artificial immune system strategy for robust chemical spectra classification via distributed heterogeneous sensors","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1579302489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","mag":"1579302489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113498386","display_name":"Mark A. Esslinger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.A. Esslinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110638040","display_name":"Gary B. Lamont","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.B. Lamont","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Dayton, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059878361","display_name":"H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.S. Abdel-Aty-Zohdy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics System Design Laboratory, Oakland University, Rochester, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics System Design Laboratory, Oakland University, Rochester, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000561315","display_name":"Robert L. Ewing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-1895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.L. Ewing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Directorate Wright-Patterson AFB, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113498386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.295,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59005326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1036","last_page":"1043"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7001829743385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.6277613639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5519558191299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4902065396308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.48609471321105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.4479146897792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.43856844305992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-data","display_name":"Biological data","score":0.4117937684059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37509021162986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.15498727560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioinformatics","display_name":"Bioinformatics","score":0.1533786952495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.1375446617603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10115253925323486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7001829743385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.6277613639831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5519558191299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4902065396308899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.48609471321105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4479146897792816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.43856844305992126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201797286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914986","display_name":"Biological data","level":2,"score":0.4117937684059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37509021162986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15498727560043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.1533786952495575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.1375446617603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10115253925323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2004.1330976","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2004 Congress on Evolutionary Computation (IEEE Cat. No.04TH8753)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171669346","https://openalex.org/W1592894394","https://openalex.org/W1877810236","https://openalex.org/W1978175161","https://openalex.org/W2101043166","https://openalex.org/W2119120756","https://openalex.org/W2121126936","https://openalex.org/W2317449080","https://openalex.org/W2338717024","https://openalex.org/W4302399279","https://openalex.org/W6607091237","https://openalex.org/W6675215459","https://openalex.org/W6677995224"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W1987484445","https://openalex.org/W2623658258","https://openalex.org/W2143413548","https://openalex.org/W1969219540","https://openalex.org/W2370459448","https://openalex.org/W2105067402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38],"timely":[1],"detection":[2],"and":[3,46,71,98,100],"classification":[4],"of":[5,43,96],"biological":[6,27,82,91,114],"agents":[7,28,83],"in":[8,17,64,131],"a":[9,23,105,112],"hostile":[10],"environment":[11,133],"is":[12,41,87,108],"critical":[13,18],"for":[14,25],"increasing":[15],"protection":[16],"areas.":[19,66],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"proposes":[22],"strategy":[24],"identifying":[26],"via":[29,49,58],"distributed":[30,123],"sensors":[31,45,61,68],"with":[32],"an":[33],"artificial":[34],"immune":[35,92],"system":[36,40,93,126],"(AIS).":[37],"proposed":[39],"composed":[42],"networked":[44],"nodes,":[47],"communicating":[48],"wireless":[50],"or":[51,74,134],"wired":[52],"connections.":[53],"Measurements":[54],"are":[55,84,102,121],"continually":[56,69,122],"taken":[57],"dispersed":[59],"redundant":[60],"strategically":[62],"placed":[63],"threat":[65],"These":[67],"measure":[70],"categorize":[72],"air":[73],"liquid":[75],"samples,":[76],"alerting":[77],"surrounding":[78],"nodes":[79],"when":[80,104],"possible":[81],"detected.":[85],"Detection":[86],"based":[88],"upon":[89],"the":[90,125,132],"(BIS)":[94],"model":[95],"antigens":[97],"antibodies,":[99],"alerts":[101],"generated":[103],"measured":[106],"sample":[107],"determined":[109],"to":[110,127,129,135],"be":[111],"valid":[113],"agent":[115,118],"(antigen).":[116],"Biological":[117],"signatures":[119],"(antibodies)":[120],"throughout":[124],"adapt":[128],"changes":[130],"new":[136],"antigens.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}