{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2110452063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","title":"Population size vs. runtime of a simple EA","display_name":"Population size vs. runtime of a simple EA","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2110452063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","mag":"2110452063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038689623","display_name":"Carsten Witt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6105-7700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Witt","raw_affiliation_strings":["FB Informatik, University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany","FB Informatik, Dortmund Univ., Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FB Informatik, University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FB Informatik, Dortmund Univ., Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038689623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1996","last_page":"2003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.881646454334259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-function","display_name":"Exponential function","score":0.7227557897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6927560567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6154964566230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.6102955937385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponential-growth","display_name":"Exponential growth","score":0.6021997928619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.547295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5464963912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-size","display_name":"Population size","score":0.5356058478355408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5294268727302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5246251225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5220101475715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.4860094487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4429972171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4229894280433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.381203830242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1846867799758911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.881646454334259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151376022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168698","display_name":"Exponential function","level":2,"score":0.7227557897567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6927560567855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6154964566230774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.6102955937385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75235859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582659","display_name":"Exponential growth","level":2,"score":0.6021997928619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.547295331954956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5464963912963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169733012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613416","display_name":"Population size","level":3,"score":0.5356058478355408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5294268727302551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5246251225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5220101475715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4860094487667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4429972171783447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4229894280433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.381203830242157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1846867799758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2003.1299918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2003. CEC '03.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.343.6541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.343.6541","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75980747","https://openalex.org/W173807375","https://openalex.org/W270296773","https://openalex.org/W1535452087","https://openalex.org/W1606836482","https://openalex.org/W2061092014","https://openalex.org/W2099934773","https://openalex.org/W2107951961","https://openalex.org/W2110538866","https://openalex.org/W2116215713","https://openalex.org/W2148494777","https://openalex.org/W2152197249","https://openalex.org/W2165220807","https://openalex.org/W2166897600","https://openalex.org/W2295428206","https://openalex.org/W2790825170","https://openalex.org/W3121530892","https://openalex.org/W4231916799","https://openalex.org/W6603016688","https://openalex.org/W6607051488","https://openalex.org/W6609949671","https://openalex.org/W6631792174","https://openalex.org/W6636449130","https://openalex.org/W6676097241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985939653","https://openalex.org/W1606499289","https://openalex.org/W171946191","https://openalex.org/W2741252017","https://openalex.org/W2911578165","https://openalex.org/W2626282817","https://openalex.org/W1634993130","https://openalex.org/W1602624896","https://openalex.org/W1519862060","https://openalex.org/W2084061773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evolutionary":[0],"algorithms":[1,36],"(EA)":[2],"finds":[3],"numerous":[4],"applications,":[5],"and":[6,21],"practical":[7],"knowledge":[8],"on":[9,33,79],"EAs":[10,17,30],"is":[11,51,77,84,110,118,138],"immense.":[12],"In":[13,25,46],"practice,":[14],"sophisticated":[15],"population-based":[16,65],"employing":[18],"selection,":[19],"mutation":[20],"crossover":[22,72],"are":[23],"applied.":[24],"contrast,":[26],"theoretical":[27],"analysis":[28],"of":[29,56,71,89],"often":[31],"concentrates":[32],"very":[34],"simple":[35],"like":[37],"the":[38,49,54,90,97,104,121],"(1+1)":[39],"EA,":[40],"where":[41,140],"population":[42,58,91],"size":[43,92],"equals":[44],"1.":[45],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"question":[50],"addressed":[52],"whether":[53],"use":[55,70],"a":[57,127,134],"by":[59,93],"itself":[60],"can":[61],"be":[62],"advantageous.":[63],"A":[64],"EA":[66],"does":[67],"neither":[68],"make":[69],"nor":[73],"any":[74],"diversity-maintaining":[75],"operator":[76],"investigated":[78],"an":[80,87],"example":[81,136],"function.":[82],"It":[83],"shown":[85],"that":[86,120],"increase":[88],"polynomial":[94],"factor":[95],"decreases":[96],"expected":[98],"runtime":[99,123],"exponential":[100],"to":[101,114,131],"polynomial.":[102],"Thereby,":[103],"so":[105],"far":[106],"best":[107],"known":[108],"gap":[109],"improved":[111],"from":[112],"superpolynomial":[113],"exponential.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"it":[117],"proved":[119],"stated":[122],"bounds":[124],"occur":[125],"with":[126],"probability":[128],"exponentially":[129],"close":[130],"one.":[132],"Finally,":[133],"second":[135],"function":[137],"presented,":[139],"opposite":[141],"results":[142],"hold.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}