{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137327001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","title":"Learning grammars with a modified classifier system","display_name":"Learning grammars with a modified classifier system","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137327001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","mag":"2137327001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. CEC'02 (Cat. No.02TH8600)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001666988","display_name":"Walling R. Cyre","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Cyre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Technology, Blacksburg, VA, USA","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Technology, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001666988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91369366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1366","last_page":"1371"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.7662521600723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7398097515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/l-attributed-grammar","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","score":0.6366496682167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6330585479736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5997372269630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-adjoining-grammar","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","score":0.5950906872749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.547857403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","score":0.4899555742740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.4862145483493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","score":0.48327571153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.43072250485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.34407103061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22852081060409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11449342966079712}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7662521600723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7398097515106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67621940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113340","display_name":"L-attributed grammar","level":4,"score":0.6366496682167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6330585479736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5997372269630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134083981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754022","display_name":"Tree-adjoining grammar","level":4,"score":0.5950906872749329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.547857403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199624470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377216","display_name":"Stochastic context-free grammar","level":5,"score":0.4899555742740631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.4862145483493805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134367","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","level":4,"score":0.48327571153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.43072250485420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.34407103061676025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22852081060409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11449342966079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004442","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. CEC'02 (Cat. No.02TH8600)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495446613","https://openalex.org/W1502023054","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1796802210","https://openalex.org/W1969005071","https://openalex.org/W1992117889","https://openalex.org/W1994851566","https://openalex.org/W2105590118","https://openalex.org/W2111251067","https://openalex.org/W2126329202","https://openalex.org/W2152150600","https://openalex.org/W2174380942","https://openalex.org/W2412060935","https://openalex.org/W2439178139","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4206462942","https://openalex.org/W6629764853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980918784","https://openalex.org/W2153803459","https://openalex.org/W2012632856","https://openalex.org/W2403874525","https://openalex.org/W1558874415","https://openalex.org/W1970209336","https://openalex.org/W1608157979","https://openalex.org/W1557335907","https://openalex.org/W2136486688","https://openalex.org/W1965215112"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"a":[3,24,42],"modified":[4],"learning":[5],"classifier":[6],"system":[7],"for":[8,37],"evolving":[9],"grammars":[10,36],"from":[11],"small,":[12],"handcrafted":[13],"grammars.":[14],"The":[15],"algorithm":[16],"uses":[17],"distinct":[18],"discovery":[19],"and":[20,23,47],"evaluation":[21],"steps,":[22],"culling":[25],"step":[26],"to":[27,56],"reduce":[28],"ambiguity.":[29],"It":[30],"performs":[31],"surprisingly":[32],"well":[33],"in":[34,41,48],"developing":[35],"very":[38],"complex":[39],"sentences":[40],"restricted":[43],"domain":[44],"of":[45],"English,":[46],"some":[49],"experiments":[50],"the":[51],"grammar's":[52],"competence":[53],"improved":[54],"up":[55],"tenfold.":[57]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}