{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1677889027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","title":"A genetic rule-based data clustering toolkit","display_name":"A genetic rule-based data clustering toolkit","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1677889027","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","mag":"1677889027"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. CEC'02 (Cat. No.02TH8600)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059916757","display_name":"Ioannis Sarafis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8449-1705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Sarafis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111377875","display_name":"A.M.S. Zalzala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.M.S. Zalzala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047010988","display_name":"Phil Trinder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0190-7010"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.W. Trinder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. & Electr. Eng., Heriot Watt Univ., Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059916757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.1851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9785716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1238","last_page":"1243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.7999715805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.591293454170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5733088850975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5691142678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-clustering","display_name":"Correlation clustering","score":0.5231119990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-linkage-clustering","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","score":0.5144191384315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-function","display_name":"Fitness function","score":0.5124959945678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rand-index","display_name":"Rand index","score":0.49540555477142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constrained-clustering","display_name":"Constrained clustering","score":0.4704170525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4624853730201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43744584918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3839302062988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.3645526170730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cure-data-clustering-algorithm","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","score":0.34807059168815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3017529547214508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.7999715805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.591293454170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5733088850975037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5691142678260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94641424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172845","display_name":"Correlation clustering","level":3,"score":0.5231119990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22648726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523744","display_name":"Single-linkage clustering","level":5,"score":0.5144191384315491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176066374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629118","display_name":"Fitness function","level":3,"score":0.5124959945678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111442797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291446","display_name":"Rand index","level":3,"score":0.49540555477142334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27964816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164359","display_name":"Constrained clustering","level":5,"score":0.4704170525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4624853730201721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43744584918022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3839302062988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3645526170730591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33704608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5014717","display_name":"CURE data clustering algorithm","level":4,"score":0.34807059168815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3017529547214508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2002.1004420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2002 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. CEC'02 (Cat. No.02TH8600)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.20.4429","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.20.4429","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cee.hw.ac.uk/~trinder/papers/CEC02paper3final.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204885769","https://openalex.org/W1497593879","https://openalex.org/W1530743849","https://openalex.org/W1566114229","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1660133578","https://openalex.org/W1971784203","https://openalex.org/W1996510517","https://openalex.org/W2042704421","https://openalex.org/W2084134149","https://openalex.org/W2095897464","https://openalex.org/W2103868202","https://openalex.org/W2117341849","https://openalex.org/W2131518207","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2141585940","https://openalex.org/W2142183404","https://openalex.org/W2163288162","https://openalex.org/W2319660501","https://openalex.org/W2904250082","https://openalex.org/W2978337448","https://openalex.org/W2999729612","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4212848460","https://openalex.org/W4298882835","https://openalex.org/W4301173492","https://openalex.org/W6637052001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188840951","https://openalex.org/W2101637161","https://openalex.org/W2160785859","https://openalex.org/W2087424554","https://openalex.org/W4380558659","https://openalex.org/W1491908038","https://openalex.org/W2040929534","https://openalex.org/W2071000654","https://openalex.org/W1577058187","https://openalex.org/W2085801246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clustering":[0],"is":[1,7,19],"a":[2,48,54,64,98],"hard":[3],"combinatorial":[4],"problem":[5],"and":[6,110],"defined":[8],"as":[9],"the":[10,22,26,31,37,90],"unsupervised":[11],"classification":[12],"of":[13,17,24,30,63,67,93],"patterns.":[14],"The":[15,81],"formation":[16],"clusters":[18],"based":[20],"on":[21],"principle":[23],"maximizing":[25],"similarity":[27,38],"between":[28,39],"objects":[29,40],"same":[32],"cluster":[33,106],"while":[34],"simultaneously":[35],"minimizing":[36],"belonging":[41],"to":[42,84,89],"distinct":[43],"clusters.":[44],"This":[45],"paper":[46],"presents":[47],"tool":[49],"for":[50,78],"database":[51],"clustering":[52,68],"using":[53],"rule-based":[55],"genetic":[56],"algorithm":[57],"(RBCGA).":[58],"RBCGA":[59],"evolves":[60],"individuals":[61],"consisting":[62],"fixed":[65],"set":[66],"rules,":[69],"where":[70],"each":[71,79],"rule":[72],"includes":[73],"d":[74],"non-binary":[75],"intervals,":[76],"one":[77],"feature.":[80],"investigations":[82],"attempt":[83],"alleviate":[85],"certain":[86],"drawbacks":[87],"related":[88],"classical":[91],"minimization":[92],"square-error":[94],"criterion":[95],"by":[96],"suggesting":[97],"flexible":[99],"fitness":[100],"function":[101],"which":[102],"takes":[103],"into":[104],"consideration,":[105],"asymmetry,":[107],"density,":[108],"coverage":[109],"homogeny.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}