{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315488609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069","title":"Practically Safe Extremum Seeking","display_name":"Practically Safe Extremum Seeking","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315488609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607710","display_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084828255","display_name":"Alan Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-0353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,San Diego,CA,USA,92093-0411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,San Diego,CA,USA,92093-0411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018293076","display_name":"Miroslav Krsti\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miroslav Krstic","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,San Diego,CA,USA,92093-0411"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,San Diego,CA,USA,92093-0411","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029728208","display_name":"Alexander Scheinker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-0963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Scheinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Los Alamos National Lab,Los Alamos,NM,USA,87545"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Los Alamos National Lab,Los Alamos,NM,USA,87545","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084828255"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91890799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9575999975204468,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10806","display_name":"Energetic Materials and Combustion","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6904838681221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.5677549839019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.469819575548172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bellman-equation","display_name":"Bellman equation","score":0.4515508711338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4496869146823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.44316428899765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singular-perturbation","display_name":"Singular perturbation","score":0.43758973479270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43460142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4065202474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21101737022399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09237754344940186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6904838681221008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5677549839019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.469819575548172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14646407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430750","display_name":"Bellman equation","level":2,"score":0.4515508711338043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4496869146823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.44316428899765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165160513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7524249","display_name":"Singular perturbation","level":2,"score":0.43758973479270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43460142612457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4065202474594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21101737022399902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09237754344940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9993069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607710","display_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1814121720","https://openalex.org/W1821952947","https://openalex.org/W1972149633","https://openalex.org/W1980569135","https://openalex.org/W2022494878","https://openalex.org/W2095062552","https://openalex.org/W2143277772","https://openalex.org/W2156466787","https://openalex.org/W2489231587","https://openalex.org/W2525042068","https://openalex.org/W2560504659","https://openalex.org/W2588802774","https://openalex.org/W2789826932","https://openalex.org/W2887154784","https://openalex.org/W2963290694","https://openalex.org/W2995250190","https://openalex.org/W3087952899","https://openalex.org/W3099442372","https://openalex.org/W3102238624","https://openalex.org/W3125600209","https://openalex.org/W3163376802","https://openalex.org/W3185752420","https://openalex.org/W4300443332","https://openalex.org/W6677959772","https://openalex.org/W6771511547"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055379029","https://openalex.org/W2011339542","https://openalex.org/W2387203662","https://openalex.org/W1987895267","https://openalex.org/W4327639758","https://openalex.org/W2116787190","https://openalex.org/W2154304710","https://openalex.org/W2019676381","https://openalex.org/W1971902905","https://openalex.org/W2006371715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,54,78,158],"introduce":[1,79],"an":[2,16,85,167],"algorithm":[3],"that":[4],"we":[5],"call":[6],"Practically":[7],"Safe":[8],"Extremum":[9],"Seeking":[10],"(PSfES),":[11],"which":[12,37,82,132],"seeks":[13],"to":[14,75,135,139],"minimize":[15],"unknown":[17],"objective":[18],"function":[19,72,103],"while":[20],"avoiding":[21],"unsafe":[22],"regions":[23],"of":[24,33,58,69,94,121,125,175],"state":[25],"space,":[26],"except":[27],"for":[28,162,182],"a":[29,60,95,110,141,155,160],"possible":[30],"minor":[31],"violation":[32],"the":[34,43,49,56,67,70,91,119,123,126,144,151,173],"safety":[35,106,148],"boundaries,":[36],"can":[38],"be":[39,63,76],"arbitrarily":[40],"reduced":[41],"using":[42],"algorithm\u2019s":[44],"design":[45,161],"parameters,":[46],"such":[47],"as":[48],"perturbation":[50,130],"frequency":[51],"and":[52,87,100,128,147],"amplitude.":[53],"allow":[55],"metric":[57],"safety\u2014":[59],"barrier":[61,71,102],"function\u2014to":[62],"functionally":[64],"unknown.":[65],"Only":[66],"value":[68],"is":[73,178],"assumed":[74],"measured.":[77],"dynamic":[80],"filters":[81,117],"emulate,":[83],"in":[84,143,154,169,180],"average":[86],"singularly":[88],"perturbed":[89],"sense,":[90],"feedback":[92],"law":[93],"standard":[96],"quadratic":[97],"programming":[98],"(QP)":[99],"control":[101],"(CBF)":[104],"based":[105],"filter,":[107],"acting":[108],"on":[109],"nominal":[111],"extremum":[112],"seeking":[113],"(ES)":[114],"controller.":[115],"These":[116],"have":[118],"effect":[120],"enabling":[122],"use":[124],"averaging":[127],"singular":[129],"theorems,":[131],"enable":[133],"us":[134],"guarantee":[136],"convergence":[137],"(practical)":[138,149],"near":[140],"point":[142],"safe":[145],"set":[146],"during":[150],"transient,":[152],"both":[153],"local":[156],"sense.":[157],"present":[159],"multiple":[163],"dimensions":[164],"but":[165],"provide":[166],"analysis":[168],"one":[170],"dimension.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"behavior":[174],"our":[176],"controller":[177],"demonstrated":[179],"simulation":[181],"two":[183],"examples.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}