{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315489114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399","title":"Independent Learning and Subjectivity in Mean-Field Games","display_name":"Independent Learning and Subjectivity in Mean-Field Games","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315489114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607710","display_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017866507","display_name":"Bora Yongacoglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bora Yongacoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen’s University,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Kingston,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen’s University,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Kingston,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072860374","display_name":"G\u00fcrdal Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-1509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gurdal Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Hawaii"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hawaii","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005401257","display_name":"Serdar Y\u00fcksel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6099-5001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serdar Yuksel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen’s University,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Kingston,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen’s University,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,Kingston,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017866507"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47348688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2845","last_page":"2850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satisficing","display_name":"Satisficing","score":0.8316318988800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6746104955673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6456969380378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterated-function","display_name":"Iterated function","score":0.6002618074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5753242373466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5064688920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjectivity","display_name":"Subjectivity","score":0.4656102955341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/futures-studies","display_name":"Futures studies","score":0.4466474652290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-learning","display_name":"Policy learning","score":0.44354769587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4281054735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.39851367473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3200581669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24857035279273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.0852121114730835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94822996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777902","display_name":"Satisficing","level":2,"score":0.8316318988800049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6746104955673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6456969380378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140479938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254619","display_name":"Iterated function","level":2,"score":0.6002618074417114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5753242373466492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5064688920974731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202889954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139554","display_name":"Subjectivity","level":2,"score":0.4656102955341339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64848388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188867","display_name":"Futures studies","level":2,"score":0.4466474652290344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779436431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672407","display_name":"Policy learning","level":2,"score":0.44354769587516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4281054735183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.39851367473602295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3200581669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24857035279273987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0852121114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607710","display_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W1907356258","https://openalex.org/W1987866956","https://openalex.org/W2011000015","https://openalex.org/W2038686546","https://openalex.org/W2095823527","https://openalex.org/W2096145798","https://openalex.org/W2104602264","https://openalex.org/W2618428225","https://openalex.org/W2740377041","https://openalex.org/W2785315072","https://openalex.org/W2902676408","https://openalex.org/W2903583264","https://openalex.org/W2945395894","https://openalex.org/W2962990479","https://openalex.org/W2997345668","https://openalex.org/W3080579124","https://openalex.org/W3119037855","https://openalex.org/W3136541527","https://openalex.org/W3169544492","https://openalex.org/W3209754935","https://openalex.org/W4210634940","https://openalex.org/W4287125173","https://openalex.org/W4287391791","https://openalex.org/W4297821488","https://openalex.org/W4386120402","https://openalex.org/W6636868823","https://openalex.org/W6639734652","https://openalex.org/W6675811377","https://openalex.org/W6747941106","https://openalex.org/W6758732251","https://openalex.org/W6760327468","https://openalex.org/W6785161469","https://openalex.org/W6791431420","https://openalex.org/W6796569726","https://openalex.org/W6796690746","https://openalex.org/W6840393415","https://openalex.org/W6843800538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118038935","https://openalex.org/W2486197377","https://openalex.org/W2672066981","https://openalex.org/W2025499279","https://openalex.org/W96070519","https://openalex.org/W2079941411","https://openalex.org/W4230651173","https://openalex.org/W3147748563","https://openalex.org/W2316977101","https://openalex.org/W2898650285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Independent":[0],"learners":[1],"naively":[2],"employ":[3],"single-agent":[4],"learning":[5,33,66,135],"algorithms":[6],"in":[7,19],"multi-agent":[8],"systems,":[9],"oblivious":[10],"to":[11,40,50,104,151],"the":[12,42,60,65,95,142],"effect":[13],"of":[14,45,86,149],"other":[15],"strategic":[16],"agents":[17,109],"present":[18,83],"their":[20,122],"environment.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"studies":[24],"partially":[25],"observed":[26],"N-player":[27,138],"mean-field":[28,139],"games":[29],"from":[30],"a":[31,84,105,115],"decentralized":[32],"perspective":[34],"with":[35],"two":[36],"primary":[37],"objectives:":[38],"(i)":[39],"study":[41,64,99],"convergence":[43,150],"properties":[44,53],"independent":[46,70,92,134],"learners,":[47,71],"and":[48,72],"(ii)":[49],"identify":[51],"structural":[52,126,144],"that":[54,74],"can":[55],"guide":[56],"algorithm":[57,136],"design.":[58],"Toward":[59,94],"first":[61],"objective,":[62,97],"we":[63,98,131,146],"iterates":[67,76],"obtained":[68],"by":[69],"find":[73],"these":[75],"converge":[77],"under":[78,154],"mild":[79],"conditions.":[80],"We":[81],"then":[82],"notion":[85],"subjective":[87,152],"equilibrium":[88],"suitable":[89],"for":[90,128,137],"analyzing":[91],"learners.":[93],"second":[96],"policy":[100,118],"updating":[101],"processes":[102],"subject":[103],"so-called":[106],"-satisficing":[107],"condition:":[108],"who":[110],"are":[111],"subjectively":[112],"-best-responding":[113],"at":[114],"given":[116],"joint":[117],"do":[119],"not":[120],"change":[121],"policy.":[123],"After":[124],"establishing":[125],"results":[127],"such":[129],"processes,":[130],"develop":[132],"an":[133],"games.":[140],"Exploiting":[141],"aforementioned":[143],"results,":[145],"give":[147],"guarantees":[148],"-equilibrium":[153],"self-play.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}