{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210410648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753","title":"Leak Detection and Classification in Pharmaceutical Freeze-Dryers: an Identification-Based Approach","display_name":"Leak Detection and Classification in Pharmaceutical Freeze-Dryers: an Identification-Based Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210410648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607724","display_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027942931","display_name":"Gabriele Calzavara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2748-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Calzavara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048869539","display_name":"Luca Consolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3577-9398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Consolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021962518","display_name":"Gianluigi Ferrari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6688-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluigi Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027942931"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69447033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"199","issue":null,"first_page":"1568","last_page":"1573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9660999774932861,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak","display_name":"Leak","score":0.7008373737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.6747946739196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.577450692653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leak-detection","display_name":"Leak detection","score":0.5183347463607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5106950402259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.4957962930202484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4583020508289337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeze-drying","display_name":"Freeze-drying","score":0.4432953894138336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemical-engineering","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","score":0.3347550630569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.3108155131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.2501488924026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.23985880613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19719114899635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12763825058937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0775780975818634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.7008373737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.6747946739196777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.577450692653656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987355568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420957","display_name":"Leak detection","level":3,"score":0.5183347463607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5106950402259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4957962930202484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4583020508289337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84199377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723912","display_name":"Freeze-drying","level":2,"score":0.4432953894138336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3347550630569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3108155131340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2501488924026489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23985880613327026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19719114899635315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12763825058937073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0775780975818634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607724","display_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513489978","https://openalex.org/W1596294641","https://openalex.org/W2021893587","https://openalex.org/W2030959268","https://openalex.org/W2054739227","https://openalex.org/W2059655256","https://openalex.org/W2316529674","https://openalex.org/W2532236332","https://openalex.org/W2939171697"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089419128","https://openalex.org/W2357422790","https://openalex.org/W1968766800","https://openalex.org/W1553563528","https://openalex.org/W2271340062","https://openalex.org/W2356864307","https://openalex.org/W4389695218","https://openalex.org/W2371267147","https://openalex.org/W2391748782","https://openalex.org/W1997045795"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Freeze-drying":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,30,54,82,103,122],"standard":[3],"procedure":[4],"in":[5,143],"pharmaceutical":[6,123],"industry,":[7],"used":[8],"to":[9,26,29,39,132,139],"stabilize,":[10],"store":[11],"and":[12,34,89,95,98,135,138],"increase":[13],"the":[14,23,35,49,68,73,91,109,118,128],"shelf":[15],"life":[16],"of":[17,60,67,72,77,93,111,121],"drug":[18,51],"products.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"process,":[22],"product":[24,61],"has":[25,38],"be":[27,40],"brought":[28],"very":[31],"low":[32],"pressure":[33],"lyophilization":[36],"chamber":[37],"perfectly":[41],"sealed.":[42],"Even":[43],"small":[44],"external":[45,99,136],"leaks":[46,88,137],"can":[47],"contaminate":[48],"entire":[50,74],"batch.":[52],"Since":[53],"single":[55],"batch":[56],"may":[57],"contain":[58],"thousands":[59],"vials,":[62],"freeze-dryer":[63],"leakages":[64],"are":[65],"one":[66],"most":[69],"critical":[70],"problems":[71],"production":[75],"chain":[76],"lyophilized":[78],"drugs.":[79],"We":[80,101],"describe":[81],"simple":[83],"mathematical":[84],"model":[85],"for":[86],"lyophilizer":[87],"address":[90],"problem":[92],"identifying":[94],"separating":[96],"internal":[97,134],"leaks.":[100],"propose":[102],"leak":[104,113],"identification":[105],"method":[106,130],"based":[107],"on":[108],"use":[110],"multiple":[112],"detection":[114],"tests.":[115],"By":[116],"using":[117],"real":[119],"data":[120],"lyophilizer,":[124],"we":[125],"show":[126],"that":[127],"proposed":[129],"allows":[131],"identify":[133],"estimate":[140],"their":[141],"evolution":[142],"time.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}