{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210409522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714","title":"Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm for Real-Time Mixed-Integer Nonlinear MPC","display_name":"Sequential Quadratic Programming Algorithm for Real-Time Mixed-Integer Nonlinear MPC","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210409522","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607724","display_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071606836","display_name":"Rien Quirynen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-2896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rien Quirynen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories,Cambridge,MA,USA,02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories,Cambridge,MA,USA,02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004144091","display_name":"Stefano Di Cairano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Di Cairano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories,Cambridge,MA,USA,02139"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories,Cambridge,MA,USA,02139","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071606836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9496124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"993","last_page":"999"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10821","display_name":"Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.7638179063796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-programming","display_name":"Quadratic programming","score":0.6749430894851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-quadratic-programming","display_name":"Sequential quadratic programming","score":0.6565698385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.6486776471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.6045143008232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5668305158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5593580007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49706462025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.45293667912483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.452833890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.4381319582462311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.3596590757369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2989218831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.14759668707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10698625445365906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.7638179063796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81845259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290117","display_name":"Quadratic programming","level":2,"score":0.6749430894851685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198927703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4373881","display_name":"Sequential quadratic programming","level":3,"score":0.6565698385238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.6486776471138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6045143008232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5668305158615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5593580007553101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49706462025642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.45293667912483215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.452833890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.4381319582462311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.3596590757369995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2989218831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.14759668707847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10698625445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc45484.2021.9683714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607724","display_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114465074","https://openalex.org/W1541170979","https://openalex.org/W1999356624","https://openalex.org/W2003032253","https://openalex.org/W2049670620","https://openalex.org/W2066205820","https://openalex.org/W2081760210","https://openalex.org/W2123871098","https://openalex.org/W2133304166","https://openalex.org/W2151833886","https://openalex.org/W2170213261","https://openalex.org/W2481121431","https://openalex.org/W2484496234","https://openalex.org/W2587095554","https://openalex.org/W2940189798","https://openalex.org/W2968827721","https://openalex.org/W2991364595","https://openalex.org/W3045543478","https://openalex.org/W3046407499","https://openalex.org/W3101371493","https://openalex.org/W3105161877","https://openalex.org/W3155635891","https://openalex.org/W4238484605","https://openalex.org/W4300448178","https://openalex.org/W6786017308"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206704743","https://openalex.org/W1495847109","https://openalex.org/W436931041","https://openalex.org/W2019128690","https://openalex.org/W2390817143","https://openalex.org/W2106813160","https://openalex.org/W2355743697","https://openalex.org/W16121019","https://openalex.org/W2894731288","https://openalex.org/W2384138382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nonlinear":[0],"model":[1,29],"predictive":[2,30],"control":[3,25,31,117],"(NMPC)":[4],"has":[5],"grown":[6],"mature":[7],"and":[8,39,95],"algorithmic":[9],"techniques":[10],"exist,":[11],"e.g.,":[12],"based":[13,47],"on":[14,48,98,113],"sequential":[15],"quadratic":[16,54],"programming":[17,55],"(SQP)":[18],"methods,":[19],"to":[20,73],"handle":[21],"relatively":[22],"complex":[23],"constrained":[24],"systems.":[26],"In":[27],"addition,":[28],"for":[32,80,109],"hybrid":[33],"dynamical":[34],"systems,":[35],"including":[36],"both":[37],"continuous":[38],"discrete":[40],"decision":[41],"variables,":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44],"implemented":[45],"efficiently":[46],"state":[49],"of":[50,83,89],"the":[51,90,103],"art":[52],"mixed-integer":[53,63,84],"(MIQP)":[56],"algorithms.":[57],"This":[58],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"a":[61,69,99,114],"novel":[62],"SQP":[64],"(MISQP)":[65],"optimization":[66],"algorithm":[67,92],"as":[68],"heuristic":[70],"search":[71],"technique":[72],"find":[74],"feasible,":[75],"but":[76],"possibly":[77],"suboptimal,":[78],"solutions":[79],"real-time":[81,104],"implementations":[82],"NMPC":[85],"(MINMPC).":[86],"Two":[87],"variants":[88],"MISQP":[91,105],"are":[93],"described":[94],"motivated.":[96],"Based":[97],"preliminary":[100],"software":[101],"implementation,":[102],"performance":[106],"is":[107],"illustrated":[108],"closed-loop":[110],"MINMPC":[111],"simulations":[112],"nontrivial":[115],"vehicle":[116],"case":[118],"study,":[119],"featuring":[120],"worst-case":[121],"computation":[122],"times":[123],"below":[124],"30":[125],"milliseconds.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}