{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2900795281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","title":"Minimizing Side-Channel Attack Vulnerability via Schedule Randomization","display_name":"Minimizing Side-Channel Attack Vulnerability via Schedule Randomization","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2900795281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","mag":"2900795281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8955595/file/8955596.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071485034","display_name":"Nils Vreman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6732-9500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nils Vreman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031245308","display_name":"Richard Pates","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6046-1878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Pates","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082449004","display_name":"Kristin Kr\u00fcger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-5528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristin Kruger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027514914","display_name":"Gerhard Fohler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6162-2653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153267046","display_name":"University of Kaiserslautern","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrf7b53","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Fohler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153267046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007294890","display_name":"Martina Maggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-1127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Maggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071485034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7405,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66400911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2928","last_page":"2933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76283860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.7123711109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.6808021068572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6311410665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.610549807548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.50508052110672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timing-attack","display_name":"Timing attack","score":0.4728049635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4498794972896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.44053131341934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3653596043586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3561139702796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3095359206199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.23845580220222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11026492714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.0861818790435791}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76283860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.7123711109161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.6808021068572998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6311410665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.610549807548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.50508052110672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28420585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665075","display_name":"Timing attack","level":4,"score":0.4728049635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4498794972896576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44053131341934204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3653596043586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3561139702796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3095359206199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.23845580220222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11026492714881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0861818790435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9030144","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup-student-papers.lub.lu.se:8955595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8955595","pdf_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8955595/file/8955596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402420","display_name":"Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"H3"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:ea063306-653a-4a9d-bf80-f6f3343e0f4d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/ea063306-653a-4a9d-bf80-f6f3343e0f4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lup-student-papers.lub.lu.se:8955595","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8955595","pdf_url":"http://lup.lub.lu.se/student-papers/record/8955595/file/8955596.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402420","display_name":"Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"H3"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900795281.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2900795281.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34777298","https://openalex.org/W1529728259","https://openalex.org/W1534030588","https://openalex.org/W1774699283","https://openalex.org/W2005157396","https://openalex.org/W2021009577","https://openalex.org/W2055876860","https://openalex.org/W2058980727","https://openalex.org/W2130726035","https://openalex.org/W2141440050","https://openalex.org/W2146675862","https://openalex.org/W2155589794","https://openalex.org/W2342508099","https://openalex.org/W2611887307","https://openalex.org/W2612892393","https://openalex.org/W2768296039","https://openalex.org/W2778446818","https://openalex.org/W2909821637","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2963928671","https://openalex.org/W6601407099","https://openalex.org/W6631075134","https://openalex.org/W6631924485","https://openalex.org/W6664312006","https://openalex.org/W6679420618","https://openalex.org/W6737946232","https://openalex.org/W6746229674","https://openalex.org/W6747544890"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2331043530","https://openalex.org/W3122267592","https://openalex.org/W2042616262","https://openalex.org/W17195039","https://openalex.org/W2779961139","https://openalex.org/W1527837723","https://openalex.org/W3015380456","https://openalex.org/W4382139733","https://openalex.org/W4226318955","https://openalex.org/W2981727040"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Control":[0],"systems":[1,29],"can":[2,40,55],"be":[3],"vulnerable":[4],"to":[5],"security":[6],"threats":[7],"where":[8],"an":[9],"attacker":[10,54],"gathers":[11],"information":[12,52],"about":[13],"the":[14,17,24,42,49,53,63,70,74,78,101],"execution":[15,44,76],"of":[16,26,31,45,51,77,85],"system.":[18],"In":[19],"particular,":[20],"side-channel":[21],"attacks":[22],"exploit":[23],"predictability":[25],"real-time":[27,75],"control":[28],"and":[30,47,99],"their":[32,36],"schedules.":[33],"To":[34],"counteract":[35],"action,":[37],"a":[38,89],"scheduler":[39],"randomize":[41],"temporal":[43],"tasks":[46],"limit":[48],"amount":[50],"gather.":[56],"Schedule":[57],"randomization":[58,87],"is":[59],"aimed":[60],"at":[61],"achieving":[62],"highest":[64,102],"possible":[65,103],"schedule":[66,86,94],"diversity":[67],"(measured":[68],"using":[69],"upper-approximated":[71,104],"entropy)":[72],"during":[73],"controller.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"investigates":[82],"fundamental":[83],"limitations":[84],"for":[88],"generic":[90],"taskset.":[91],"The":[92],"constructed":[93],"set":[95],"has":[96],"minimal":[97],"size":[98],"achieves":[100],"entropy.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
