{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989980183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","title":"A Supervisory Control Structure for Voltage-Controlled Islanded DC Microgrids","display_name":"A Supervisory Control Structure for Voltage-Controlled Islanded DC Microgrids","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989980183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","mag":"2989980183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270350/files/CDC19LaBellaNahata.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041819485","display_name":"Alessio La Bella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6359-1694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio La Bella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica,Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024621199","display_name":"Pulkit Nahata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3505-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pulkit Nahata","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Automatic Control Laboratory,Switzerland","Automatic Control Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Automatic Control Laboratory,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074145693","display_name":"Giancarlo Ferrari\u2010Trecate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9492-9624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate","raw_affiliation_strings":["&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Automatic Control Laboratory,Switzerland","Automatic Control Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"&#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL),Automatic Control Laboratory,Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Laboratory, \u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79950286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6566","last_page":"6571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.7177534103393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6312716007232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5788304209709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-control","display_name":"Supervisory control","score":0.5769156217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5390514731407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.5325628519058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5325143933296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5097631812095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4788508415222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.46737971901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulation","display_name":"Voltage regulation","score":0.44262897968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.42413151264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.318764865398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24769020080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24471256136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10140645503997803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.7177534103393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6312716007232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5788304209709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92991967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7644329","display_name":"Supervisory control","level":3,"score":0.5769156217575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5390514731407166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.5325628519058228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5325143933296204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5097631812095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4788508415222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.46737971901893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196226539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940752","display_name":"Voltage regulation","level":3,"score":0.44262897968292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.42413151264190674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.318764865398407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24769020080566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24471256136894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10140645503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:270350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270350","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270350/files/CDC19LaBellaNahata.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1205337","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1205337","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:270350","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270350","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/270350/files/CDC19LaBellaNahata.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4092973612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021 169906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5905206890","display_name":"Scalable Control for Flexible Microgrids","funder_award_id":"169906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G993971353","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989980183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2989980183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1582264157","https://openalex.org/W1696380714","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1980187301","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2018269990","https://openalex.org/W2072227807","https://openalex.org/W2128389099","https://openalex.org/W2144951336","https://openalex.org/W2216167945","https://openalex.org/W2232335510","https://openalex.org/W2284066940","https://openalex.org/W2347360755","https://openalex.org/W2557088230","https://openalex.org/W2561710232","https://openalex.org/W2599950709","https://openalex.org/W2620518023","https://openalex.org/W2796365873","https://openalex.org/W2892196589","https://openalex.org/W2898722982","https://openalex.org/W2911984761","https://openalex.org/W2914208830","https://openalex.org/W2963350674","https://openalex.org/W3113334803","https://openalex.org/W6753191178","https://openalex.org/W6755418517","https://openalex.org/W6768429208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W3003861339","https://openalex.org/W2368765080","https://openalex.org/W2354494582","https://openalex.org/W2354335100","https://openalex.org/W2383413209","https://openalex.org/W2142193642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,156],"work,":[2],"we":[3,101],"propose":[4],"a":[5,15,34,40,103],"supervisory":[6,27],"control":[7,28],"structure":[8],"in":[9,121,144],"islanded":[10],"DC":[11],"microgrids":[12],"such":[13],"that":[14,80],"well":[16],"scheduled":[17],"and":[18,38,113,133,171],"balanced":[19],"utilization":[20],"of":[21,33,110,116,124,146,182],"various":[22],"resources":[23],"is":[24,86,186],"achieved.":[25],"Our":[26],"layer":[29,37,54],"rests":[30],"on":[31],"top":[32],"voltage-controlled":[35],"primary":[36,75],"comprises":[39],"secondary":[41,53,83],"layer,":[42],"which":[43],"receives":[44],"power":[45,57,114,134],"references":[46,61,68],"from":[47],"an":[48,64,71],"energy":[49],"management":[50],"system.":[51],"The":[52,180],"translates":[55],"these":[56],"into":[58],"appropriate":[59],"voltage":[60,76],"by":[62,166],"solving":[63],"optimization":[65,84],"problem.":[66],"These":[67],"act":[69],"as":[70],"input":[72],"for":[73,126],"the":[74,81,91,98,108,117,122,130,152,183],"controllers.":[77],"We":[78],"show":[79],"unconstrained":[82],"problem":[85],"always":[87],"feasible.":[88],"Moreover,":[89,155],"since":[90],"voltages":[92,112],"can":[93,142,159],"only":[94],"be":[95,137,160],"enforced":[96],"at":[97,162],"generator":[99,128],"nodes,":[100],"provide":[102],"novel":[104],"condition":[105,158],"to":[106,151],"guarantee":[107],"uniqueness":[109,157],"load":[111,131,164,169],"injection":[115],"generation":[118],"units.":[119],"Indeed,":[120],"absence":[123],"uniqueness,":[125],"fixed":[127],"voltages,":[129],"nodes":[132],"injections":[135],"may":[136],"different":[138],"than":[139],"planned.":[140],"This":[141],"result":[143],"violation":[145],"operational":[147],"limits":[148],"causing":[149],"damage":[150],"connected":[153],"loads.":[154],"verified":[161],"each":[163],"node":[165],"utilizing":[167],"local":[168],"parameters,":[170],"does":[172],"not":[173],"require":[174],"any":[175],"information":[176],"about":[177],"microgrid":[178],"topology.":[179],"functioning":[181],"proposed":[184],"architecture":[185],"tested":[187],"via":[188],"simulations.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
