{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912420062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","title":"Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Power Dynamics with Variable and Low Inertia due to Renewable Energy","display_name":"Frequency Regulation in Hybrid Power Dynamics with Variable and Low Inertia due to Renewable Energy","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912420062","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","mag":"2912420062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081369851","display_name":"Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3635-8285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066926540","display_name":"Duncan S. Callaway","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3316-9008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duncan S. Callaway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and the Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070294446","display_name":"Roel Dobbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4633-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roel Dobbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031742029","display_name":"Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8595-6620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045155646","display_name":"Claire J. Tomlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-3185"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claire J. Tomlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84386634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1592","last_page":"1597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.8337100744247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7240579128265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5280588269233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.49797749519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics","display_name":"System dynamics","score":0.4911022186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment-of-inertia","display_name":"Moment of inertia","score":0.4561043381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.4433034062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4408138692378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.4321935176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4147493243217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.40503570437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25901544094085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.18498408794403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09061628580093384}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.8337100744247437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7240579128265381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5280588269233704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.49797749519348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77405623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598451","display_name":"System dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4911022186279297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10238366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165618","display_name":"Moment of inertia","level":2,"score":0.4561043381690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.4433034062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4408138692378998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4321935176849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4147493243217468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.40503570437431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25901544094085693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.18498408794403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09061628580093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498692214","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1991596639","https://openalex.org/W2050955352","https://openalex.org/W2071230833","https://openalex.org/W2104195154","https://openalex.org/W2113642685","https://openalex.org/W2262880348","https://openalex.org/W2288881459","https://openalex.org/W2536620281","https://openalex.org/W2562872838","https://openalex.org/W2639428679","https://openalex.org/W2749680651","https://openalex.org/W3102654474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193338700","https://openalex.org/W2588354819","https://openalex.org/W2535601313","https://openalex.org/W2900382844","https://openalex.org/W2058071114","https://openalex.org/W138095869","https://openalex.org/W2047787160","https://openalex.org/W2479829347","https://openalex.org/W3109003276","https://openalex.org/W2365785480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0,49],"more":[1,181,215],"non-synchronous":[2],"renewable":[3],"energy":[4,186,225],"sources":[5],"(RES)":[6],"participate":[7],"in":[8,76,102,135,164,183,217],"power":[9,46,64,90,107],"systems,":[10],"the":[11,20,39,52,74,77,122,126,133,154,162,193,234],"system's":[12,78],"inertia":[13,56,100,119,149,176,198,230],"decreases":[14],"and":[15,34,147,209,224],"becomes":[16],"time":[17],"dependent,":[18],"challenging":[19],"ability":[21],"of":[22,51,98,121,128,166,185,196,219],"existing":[23],"control":[24,189],"schemes":[25,232],"to":[26,41,43,93,188,228],"maintain":[27],"frequency":[28],"stability.":[29],"System":[30],"operators,":[31],"research":[32,61],"laboratories,":[33],"academic":[35],"institutes":[36],"have":[37,66],"expressed":[38],"importance":[40],"adapt":[42],"this":[44,136],"new":[45,86,137,204],"system":[47,91,112],"paradigm.":[48],"one":[50],"potential":[53],"solutions,":[54],"virtual":[55,148,175,197],"has":[57],"become":[58],"an":[59],"active":[60],"area.":[62],"However,":[63],"dynamics":[65,92,108],"been":[67],"modeled":[68],"as":[69,109],"time-invariant,":[70],"by":[71],"not":[72],"modeling":[73,87,139],"variability":[75],"inertia.":[79],"To":[80,191],"address":[81,192],"this,":[82],"we":[83,200,210],"propose":[84,202],"a":[85,95,103,110,203],"framework":[88],"for":[89],"simulate":[94],"time-varying":[96],"evolution":[97],"rotational":[99,118],"coefficients":[101],"network.":[104,123],"We":[105,124],"model":[106],"hybrid":[111,138],"with":[113],"discrete":[114],"modes":[115],"representing":[116],"different":[117],"regimes":[120],"test":[125],"performance":[127,195],"two":[129],"classical":[130,229],"controllers":[131],"from":[132,233],"literature":[134],"framework:":[140],"optimal":[141,155],"closed-loop":[142,156],"Model":[143],"Predictive":[144],"Control":[145],"(MPC)":[146],"placement.":[150,177],"Results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153,212],"MPC":[157],"controller":[158],"(Linear":[159],"MPC)":[160],"performs":[161],"best":[163],"terms":[165,184,218],"cost;":[167],"it":[168,213],"is":[169,179,214],"82":[170],"percent":[171,222],"less":[172],"expensive":[173],"than":[174],"It":[178],"also":[180],"efficient":[182,216],"injected/absorbed":[187],"frequency.":[190],"lower":[194],"placement,":[199],"then":[201],"Dynamic":[205],"Inertia":[206],"Placement":[207],"scheme":[208],"find":[211],"cost":[220],"(74":[221],"cheaper)":[223],"usage,":[226],"compared":[227],"placement":[231],"literature.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
