{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912463077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","title":"Under-Actuated Back-Stepping: An Introduction","display_name":"Under-Actuated Back-Stepping: An Introduction","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912463077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","mag":"2912463077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35431","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067934887","display_name":"Jingjing Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-9147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautical and Automotive Engineering, Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018225150","display_name":"Alessandro Astolfi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-454X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Astolfi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5910","last_page":"5915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12772","display_name":"Control and Stability of Dynamical Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11394","display_name":"Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping","display_name":"Backstepping","score":0.9634078145027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7117117643356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.6707500219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6517956852912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5269763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stepping-stone","display_name":"Stepping stone","score":0.4781945049762726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.43635064363479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strict-feedback-form","display_name":"Strict-feedback form","score":0.43473827838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-stepping","display_name":"Time stepping","score":0.43460774421691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19471701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1429516077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.07653558254241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07461217045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.06339192390441895}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72218879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759","display_name":"Backstepping","level":4,"score":0.9634078145027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7117117643356323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.6707500219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6517956852912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5269763469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019463535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7611136","display_name":"Stepping stone","level":3,"score":0.4781945049762726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.43635064363479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121047784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7623607","display_name":"Strict-feedback form","level":5,"score":0.43473827838897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019693144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541182","display_name":"Time stepping","level":3,"score":0.43460774421691895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19471701979637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1429516077041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.07653558254241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07461217045783997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.06339192390441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619350","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/35431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"Conference Contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9222920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Under-actuated_back-stepping_An_introduction/9222920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"<dc:type>Conference contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3337841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2018.8619350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"CDC, IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Miami Beach, FL, USA, 17-19 Dec. 2018","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/35431","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/35431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"Conference Contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537842733","https://openalex.org/W1966369671","https://openalex.org/W1968047062","https://openalex.org/W2027205615","https://openalex.org/W2048603489","https://openalex.org/W2081727243","https://openalex.org/W2090167557","https://openalex.org/W2097467365","https://openalex.org/W2100505804","https://openalex.org/W2109993961","https://openalex.org/W2111908311","https://openalex.org/W2116819608","https://openalex.org/W2128011079","https://openalex.org/W2169199905","https://openalex.org/W2344467955","https://openalex.org/W2492766244","https://openalex.org/W2963944547","https://openalex.org/W4230979734","https://openalex.org/W4292872153"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2613103647","https://openalex.org/W2148743176","https://openalex.org/W3119415476","https://openalex.org/W2168487782","https://openalex.org/W1996651224","https://openalex.org/W1903028391","https://openalex.org/W3203146402","https://openalex.org/W2566538426","https://openalex.org/W2102057409","https://openalex.org/W2301245173"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,25],"stabilization":[1],"problem":[2],"for":[3,29],"a":[4,15],"class":[5],"of":[6,51],"under-actuated":[7,23,31,54],"systems":[8,32,39],"is":[9,12,27],"solved.":[10],"This":[11],"achieved":[13],"via":[14,40],"novel":[16],"backstepping":[17],"based":[18],"method":[19,26],"that":[20],"we":[21],"call":[22],"backstepping.":[24],"developed":[28],"linear":[30],"first":[33],"and":[34],"then":[35],"extended":[36],"to":[37,47],"nonlinear":[38],"an":[41],"example.":[42],"Numerical":[43],"simulations":[44],"are":[45],"given":[46],"demonstrate":[48],"the":[49,52],"effectiveness":[50],"proposed":[53],"back-stepping":[55],"method.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}