{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2289033810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","title":"Modeling, observer design and robust control of the particle density profile in tokamak plasmas","display_name":"Modeling, observer design and robust control of the particle density profile in tokamak plasmas","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2289033810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","mag":"2289033810"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016150563","display_name":"T.C. Blanken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-7170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147097","display_name":"Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5dn804","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210147097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803035111","display_name":"Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/038x9td67","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I2803035111"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.C. Blanken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","FOM-institute DIFFER, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein, BE, The Netherlands","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOM-institute DIFFER, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein, BE, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803035111","https://openalex.org/I4210147097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086891537","display_name":"F. Felici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-376X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Felici","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112401460","display_name":"M.R. de Baar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147097","display_name":"Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5dn804","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I4210147097"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803035111","display_name":"Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/038x9td67","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800991832","https://openalex.org/I2803035111"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.R. de Baar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","FOM-institute DIFFER, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein, BE, The Netherlands","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FOM-institute DIFFER, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein, BE, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803035111","https://openalex.org/I4210147097"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063241688","display_name":"W.P.M.H. Heemels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-8007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.P.M.H. Heemels","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Technology group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, MB, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Center de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas, Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016150563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803035111","https://openalex.org/I4210147097","https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I83019370"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04102435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7628","last_page":"7635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10346","display_name":"Magnetic confinement fusion research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10592","display_name":"Fusion materials and technologies","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tokamak","display_name":"Tokamak","score":0.8839429616928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.6500495672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.5249010324478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5244070291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.51457279920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4862062335014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41156718134880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3049212396144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.2498045265674591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10373595356941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.05854237079620361}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116515362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188589","display_name":"Tokamak","level":3,"score":0.8839429616928101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.6500495672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5249010324478149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5244070291519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.51457279920578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4862062335014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41156718134880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3049212396144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.2498045265674591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10373595356941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.05854237079620361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7403425","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/750e5abf-c084-48c0-81aa-90109bd7e897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/750e5abf-c084-48c0-81aa-90109bd7e897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blanken, T C, Felici, F, de Baar, M R & Heemels, W P M H 2016, Modeling, observer design and robust control of the particle density profile in tokamak plasmas. in Proceedings of the 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 15-18 December 2015, Osaka, Japan., 7403425, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Piscataway, pp. 7628-7635, 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2015), Osaka, Japan, 15/12/15. https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.2015.7403425","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:847947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=847947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:887347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://library.tue.nl/csp/dare/LinkToRepository.csp?recordnumber=887347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:847947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/847947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.tue.nl:887347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.tue.nl/887347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923046","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal (Eindhoven University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:tue:oai:pure.tue.nl:publications/750e5abf-c084-48c0-81aa-90109bd7e897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/nl/publications/750e5abf-c084-48c0-81aa-90109bd7e897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 15-18 December 2015, Osaka, Japan, 7628 - 7635","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604822211","https://openalex.org/W1672394983","https://openalex.org/W1971124916","https://openalex.org/W1974760079","https://openalex.org/W1976229958","https://openalex.org/W2006188885","https://openalex.org/W2008169372","https://openalex.org/W2016599949","https://openalex.org/W2054727125","https://openalex.org/W2071289862","https://openalex.org/W2072200601","https://openalex.org/W2077450583","https://openalex.org/W2082988352","https://openalex.org/W2107910140","https://openalex.org/W2121440005","https://openalex.org/W2162870748","https://openalex.org/W2940460024","https://openalex.org/W3209837422","https://openalex.org/W7045528810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3041309965","https://openalex.org/W2940496612","https://openalex.org/W2515869527","https://openalex.org/W2098310763","https://openalex.org/W2168854111","https://openalex.org/W2122259510","https://openalex.org/W2007662523","https://openalex.org/W2373217052","https://openalex.org/W2626003324","https://openalex.org/W4206528341"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"approach":[2,53,75],"to":[3,56,113,205,229],"real-time":[4,37],"estimation":[5,178],"and":[6,25,59,67,103,111,125,183],"feedback":[7,195],"control":[8,28,245],"of":[9,70,89,121,160,179,187,243],"the":[10,31,64,71,80,90,129,135,146,180,185,203,211,215,219,225,235,240,244],"particle":[11,91],"density":[12,32,92,181],"profile":[13,33,182],"in":[14,36,109,134],"tokamak":[15,174],"plasmas":[16],"is":[17,34,54,84,199,227],"presented,":[18],"based":[19,201],"on":[20,128,202],"ideas":[21],"from":[22,46,163,218],"Kalman":[23,143],"filtering":[24],"H\u221e":[26],"robust":[27,193],"synthesis.":[29],"Traditionally,":[30],"reconstructed":[35],"by":[38,86,239],"solving":[39],"an":[40,52],"inversion":[41],"problem":[42],"using":[43,94,173],"a":[44,47,95,99,115,192,207],"measurement":[45],"single":[48],"time":[49,112],"instant.":[50],"Such":[51],"sensitive":[55],"sensor":[57,161],"errors":[58],"does":[60],"not":[61],"account":[62],"for":[63,165,210],"dynamical":[65],"evolution":[66],"spatial":[68],"continuity":[69],"density.":[72],"The":[73,119],"observer-based":[74],"we":[76],"presented":[77],"here":[78],"includes":[79],"system":[81],"dynamics,":[82],"which":[83,106,166],"realized":[85],"careful":[87],"modeling":[88],"behaviour":[93],"1D":[96],"PDE":[97],"with":[98,197,214,234],"nonlinear":[100,117],"source":[101],"term":[102],"two":[104],"ODEs,":[105],"are":[107,132,169],"discretized":[108],"space":[110],"yield":[114],"finite-dimensional":[116],"model.":[118],"influence":[120],"other":[122],"plasma":[123],"quantities":[124],"operational":[126],"modes":[127],"transport":[130],"dynamics":[131],"included":[133],"control-oriented":[136],"model":[137,204],"as":[138,152,154],"time-varying":[139],"parameters.":[140],"An":[141],"extended":[142],"filter":[144],"estimates":[145],"density,":[147,213],"additive":[148],"random-walk":[149],"state":[150,194],"disturbances":[151],"well":[153],"fringe":[155,188],"jumps":[156],"(a":[157],"specific":[158],"type":[159],"error)":[162],"measurements,":[164],"special":[167],"measures":[168],"needed.":[170],"Offline":[171],"reconstruction":[172],"measurements":[175],"show":[176,184,223],"accurate":[177],"quality":[186],"jump":[189],"detection.":[190],"Moreover,":[191],"controller":[196,226],"anti-windup":[198],"designed":[200],"track":[206,230],"reference":[208,232],"signal":[209],"average":[212],"estimate":[216],"obtained":[217],"observer.":[220],"Closed-loop":[221],"simulations":[222],"that":[224],"able":[228],"representative":[231],"signals,":[233],"performance":[236],"mostly":[237],"limited":[238],"nonnegativity":[241],"constraint":[242],"input.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}