{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4230360428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338","title":"Optimal energy management in series hybrid electric bicycles","display_name":"Optimal energy management in series hybrid electric bicycles","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4230360428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027544925","display_name":"Jacopo Guanetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4321-8491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacopo Guanetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, IT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, IT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059501084","display_name":"Simone Formentin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6889-6219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Formentin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066842848","display_name":"Matteo Corno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2644-7487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Corno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047303451","display_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-2323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio M. Savaresi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95575811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"869","last_page":"874"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.6831939220428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.644023060798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.6366346478462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5750380754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5550155639648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.542468249797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5121781826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-minimization","display_name":"Energy minimization","score":0.450204998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4426242709159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.44227561354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.43679988384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.42047086358070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3511800467967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34059011936187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18599370121955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13054010272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09678053855895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08352449536323547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6831939220428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.644023060798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.6366346478462219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5750380754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5550155639648438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.542468249797821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5121781826019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14961307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377176","display_name":"Energy minimization","level":2,"score":0.450204998254776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4426242709159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.44227561354637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.43679988384246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.42047086358070374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3511800467967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34059011936187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18599370121955872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13054010272026062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09678053855895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08352449536323547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402338","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/984529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/984529","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551965095","https://openalex.org/W1968116866","https://openalex.org/W1973805501","https://openalex.org/W1997529189","https://openalex.org/W2008775202","https://openalex.org/W2011179270","https://openalex.org/W2083706821","https://openalex.org/W2090218251","https://openalex.org/W2100954454","https://openalex.org/W2155350901","https://openalex.org/W2165579389","https://openalex.org/W4300555804","https://openalex.org/W6649859586","https://openalex.org/W6652766790","https://openalex.org/W6653026103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518796764","https://openalex.org/W347294048","https://openalex.org/W2118841422","https://openalex.org/W2226908759","https://openalex.org/W2061881449","https://openalex.org/W1483822002","https://openalex.org/W1899667806","https://openalex.org/W2351116219","https://openalex.org/W2110536527","https://openalex.org/W2153731865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light":[0],"electric":[1,21],"vehicles":[2],"are":[3],"a":[4,104],"viable":[5],"way":[6],"of":[7,26,75,83,85,91],"reducing":[8],"urban":[9],"congestion":[10],"and":[11,65,101],"local":[12],"pollutant":[13],"emissions.":[14],"However,":[15],"differently":[16],"from":[17],"more":[18],"classical":[19],"hybrid":[20,27,52],"vehicles,":[22],"the":[23,35,40,63,66,73,76,81,86,92],"energy":[24],"management":[25],"bicycles":[28],"has":[29],"been":[30],"very":[31],"little":[32],"investigated":[33],"in":[34,54,103],"literature.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38],"work":[39],"problem":[41,69,93],"is":[42,57,70,98],"tackled":[43],"using":[44],"optimal":[45],"control":[46],"principles,":[47],"for":[48,95],"an":[49],"innovative":[50],"series":[51],"prototype":[53],"which":[55],"there":[56],"no":[58],"direct":[59],"mechanical":[60],"link":[61],"between":[62],"pedals":[64],"wheel.":[67],"The":[68],"formulated":[71],"as":[72],"minimization":[74],"perceived":[77],"exertion":[78],"while":[79],"constraining":[80],"state":[82],"charge":[84],"battery.":[87],"An":[88],"approximated":[89],"solution":[90],"suited":[94],"online":[96],"implementation":[97],"also":[99],"presented":[100],"tested":[102],"realistic":[105],"simulation":[106],"scenario.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}