{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003726679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","title":"An experimental investigation of occupancy-based energy-efficient control of commercial building indoor climate","display_name":"An experimental investigation of occupancy-based energy-efficient control of commercial building indoor climate","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003726679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","mag":"2003726679"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067448128","display_name":"Jonathan Brooks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109633499","display_name":"Siddharth Goyal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia",", PNNL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", PNNL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086002772","display_name":"Rahul Subramany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Subramany","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","Lutron Elec., Inc, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lutron Elec., Inc, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102879449","display_name":"Yashen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-3046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yashen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081225059","display_name":"Timothy Middelkoop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3183-3078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Middelkoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","ISSE Dept. at the U. of Missouri, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISSE Dept. at the U. of Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071999509","display_name":"Laura Arpan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-7691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Arpan","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","College of Comm. and Info. at Florida State U, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Comm. and Info. at Florida State U, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009992367","display_name":"Luca P. Carloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-8931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Carloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","CS Dept. at Columbia U., USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CS Dept. at Columbia U., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026067872","display_name":"Prabir Barooah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2929-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103693","display_name":"Lutron Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01e55bn36","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabir Barooah","raw_affiliation_strings":["MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept, Lutron Elec., Inc., Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MAE Dept. at the U. of Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067448128"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144","https://openalex.org/I4210103693"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95902711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5680","last_page":"5685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9203000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvac","display_name":"HVAC","score":0.9249743223190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.7111287117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.6623666286468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6070343255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.5582649111747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-conditioning","display_name":"Air conditioning","score":0.5530140399932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5430076122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5401678085327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5291768908500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5119556188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4958690106868744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.48435768485069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-zones","display_name":"Climate zones","score":0.4813438355922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.47120043635368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.45935726165771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.45857909321784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44621261954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.40721967816352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4056597948074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.278026282787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1910700500011444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.10409778356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09892964363098145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122346748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1798773","display_name":"HVAC","level":3,"score":0.9249743223190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.7111287117004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.6623666286468506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6070343255996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5582649111747742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103742991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173725","display_name":"Air conditioning","level":2,"score":0.5530140399932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5430076122283936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5401678085327148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5291768908500671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5119556188583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4958690106868744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48435768485069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994001127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267474","display_name":"Climate zones","level":2,"score":0.4813438355922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.47120043635368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.45935726165771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.45857909321784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44621261954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.40721967816352844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4056597948074341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.278026282787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1910700500011444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.10409778356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09892964363098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040278","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042317950","https://openalex.org/W2083974252","https://openalex.org/W2088484156","https://openalex.org/W2102606131","https://openalex.org/W2114117309","https://openalex.org/W2115873741","https://openalex.org/W2144015513","https://openalex.org/W2164132178","https://openalex.org/W2166681263","https://openalex.org/W2328505797","https://openalex.org/W2980797340","https://openalex.org/W6675563367","https://openalex.org/W6676827085","https://openalex.org/W6987572474"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3045934583","https://openalex.org/W2437015738","https://openalex.org/W4283833227","https://openalex.org/W3093054803","https://openalex.org/W3046823714","https://openalex.org/W2348218441","https://openalex.org/W3021806226","https://openalex.org/W2766966528","https://openalex.org/W4294898185","https://openalex.org/W1964987945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,99],"present":[1,100],"results":[2],"from":[3,84,137,157],"a":[4,9,14,48,87,101,122,131],"week-long":[5],"experimental":[6],"evaluation":[7],"of":[8,51,86,89,94,121,148],"scalable":[10],"control":[11,110,151],"algorithm":[12,111],"for":[13],"commercial":[15],"building":[16],"heating,":[17],"ventilation,":[18],"and":[19,92,112],"air-conditioning":[20],"(HVAC)":[21],"system.":[22],"The":[23],"experiments":[24],"showed":[25],"that":[26,43,59,128,143,159],"the":[27,52,60,63,72,77,109,113,119],"controller":[28,61],"resulted":[29],"in":[30,134],"37%":[31],"energy":[32,45,64,135,145],"savings":[33,46,136,146],"without":[34,47,67],"sacrificing":[35],"indoor":[36,55,73],"climate.":[37],"In":[38],"contrast":[39],"to":[40,76,104,139],"prior":[41,160],"work":[42,161],"reports":[44],"careful":[49],"measure":[50],"effect":[53,70],"on":[54,71],"climate,":[56],"we":[57],"verify":[58],"achieves":[62],"efficiency":[65],"improvements":[66],"any":[68],"adverse":[69],"climate":[74],"compared":[75],"building's":[78],"baseline":[79],"controller.":[80],"This":[81],"is":[82,130,153],"established":[83],"measurements":[85],"host":[88],"environmental":[90],"variables":[91],"analysis":[93],"before-after":[95],"occupant":[96],"survey":[97],"results.":[98],"complete":[102],"system":[103],"retrofit":[105],"existing":[106],"buildings":[107],"including":[108],"supporting":[114],"execution":[115],"platform":[116],"which":[117,141],"includes":[118],"deployment":[120],"wireless":[123],"sensor":[124],"network.":[125],"Results":[126],"show":[127],"there":[129],"large":[132],"variation":[133],"zone":[138],"zone,":[140],"indicates":[142],"estimating":[144],"potential":[147],"novel":[149],"HVAC":[150],"systems":[152],"not":[154,167],"trivial":[155],"even":[156],"experiments-something":[158],"with":[162],"uniformly":[163],"positive":[164],"messages":[165],"did":[166],"emphasize.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
