{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1996178898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","title":"A probabilistic framework for unmanned aircraft systems collision detection and risk estimation","display_name":"A probabilistic framework for unmanned aircraft systems collision detection and risk estimation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1996178898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","mag":"1996178898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052750576","display_name":"Laith R. Sahawneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laith R. Sahawneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077106540","display_name":"Randal W. Beard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2548-5329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100005738","display_name":"Brigham Young University","ror":"https://ror.org/047rhhm47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randal W. Beard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100005738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98190348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"242","last_page":"247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.8164112567901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6831843852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.6295753717422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5822867155075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.49513760209083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncorrelated","display_name":"Uncorrelated","score":0.46062296628952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4441399872303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36245185136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3517104387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2251681089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.13712197542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12240788340568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11750325560569763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.8164112567901611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6831843852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.6295753717422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5822867155075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.49513760209083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169345407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8216221","display_name":"Uncorrelated","level":2,"score":0.46062296628952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4441399872303009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36245185136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3517104387283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2251681089401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.13712197542190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12240788340568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11750325560569763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039388","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967724017","https://openalex.org/W1984730719","https://openalex.org/W1999910477","https://openalex.org/W2065919808","https://openalex.org/W2071871554","https://openalex.org/W2116364955","https://openalex.org/W2124497430","https://openalex.org/W2128801172","https://openalex.org/W2139795061","https://openalex.org/W2141308815","https://openalex.org/W2149659539","https://openalex.org/W2156835128","https://openalex.org/W2164733462","https://openalex.org/W2168743836","https://openalex.org/W2281945800","https://openalex.org/W2313274380","https://openalex.org/W2326405865","https://openalex.org/W2917890794","https://openalex.org/W4232161793","https://openalex.org/W4300695752","https://openalex.org/W6642063052","https://openalex.org/W6668153286","https://openalex.org/W6681804573","https://openalex.org/W6695651946","https://openalex.org/W6760402642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360779366","https://openalex.org/W2027155377","https://openalex.org/W1504916935","https://openalex.org/W4317634134","https://openalex.org/W1995027010","https://openalex.org/W4390523528","https://openalex.org/W2889566344","https://openalex.org/W2981729160","https://openalex.org/W1819938260","https://openalex.org/W2340892746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,69,98],"airborne":[1],"collision":[2,54],"detection":[3],"is":[4,72,103],"a":[5,57,75],"challenging":[6],"problem":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,44],"inherent":[10],"noise":[11],"in":[12,25,29,31,66,74],"onboard":[13],"sensor(s),":[14],"limited":[15],"computational":[16],"resources":[17],"available":[18],"for":[19,56],"unmanned":[20],"aircraft":[21,60],"system":[22],"and":[23,49,91],"variability":[24],"intruder":[26,33,47],"dynamics":[27],"resulting":[28],"uncertainty":[30],"predicting":[32],"future":[34],"trajectories.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"develop":[40],"an":[41],"innovative":[42],"approach":[43,71,102],"quantify":[45],"likely":[46],"trajectories":[48],"estimate":[50],"the":[51,63,80,92,118],"probability":[52],"of":[53,59,94,100],"risk":[55],"pair":[58],"flying":[61],"at":[62],"same":[64],"altitude":[65],"close":[67],"proximity.":[68],"proposed":[70,101],"formulated":[73],"probabilistic":[76],"framework":[77],"building":[78],"upon":[79],"uncorrelated":[81],"encounter":[82,113],"model":[83],"(UEM)":[84],"developed":[85],"by":[86],"MIT":[87,119],"Lincoln":[88],"Laboratory":[89],"(LL)":[90],"concept":[93],"forward":[95],"reachable":[96],"sets.":[97],"performance":[99],"evaluated":[104],"using":[105],"Monte":[106],"Carlo":[107],"based":[108],"simulations":[109],"where":[110],"statistically":[111],"relevant":[112],"scenarios":[114],"are":[115],"sampled":[116],"from":[117],"LL":[120],"UEM.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
