{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003460503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","title":"Plug-and-play control and optimization in microgrids","display_name":"Plug-and-play control and optimization in microgrids","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003460503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","mag":"2003460503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091434894","display_name":"Florian D\u00f6rfler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9649-5305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Florian Dorfler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automatic Control Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Automatic Control Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic Control Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057955774","display_name":"John W. Simpson-Porco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-5324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John W. Simpson-Porco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara","Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068353454","display_name":"Francesco Bullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-2118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Bullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara","Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States of America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California Santa Barbara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091434894"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.7949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97264941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"216"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.9216150045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.718305230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6582385897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6052935719490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.45987313985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.45296669006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-and-play","display_name":"Plug and play","score":0.43579623103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4219900071620941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4157086908817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.37515324354171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3487703204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2823813259601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14234629273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13889065384864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.09663465619087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09614387154579163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.9216150045394897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.718305230140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6582385897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6052935719490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.45987313985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.45296669006347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857815","display_name":"Plug and play","level":2,"score":0.43579623103141785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4219900071620941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4157086908817291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.37515324354171753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3487703204154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2823813259601593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14234629273414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13889065384864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.09663465619087219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09614387154579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7039383","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504052325","https://openalex.org/W1537665756","https://openalex.org/W1571403844","https://openalex.org/W1598618250","https://openalex.org/W1606090989","https://openalex.org/W1640987525","https://openalex.org/W1973801352","https://openalex.org/W1975153904","https://openalex.org/W1976411193","https://openalex.org/W1990833963","https://openalex.org/W1994429314","https://openalex.org/W1994440383","https://openalex.org/W2006288822","https://openalex.org/W2007339283","https://openalex.org/W2019586955","https://openalex.org/W2019861006","https://openalex.org/W2034651661","https://openalex.org/W2037148479","https://openalex.org/W2051689168","https://openalex.org/W2056524942","https://openalex.org/W2068482355","https://openalex.org/W2091936966","https://openalex.org/W2094964523","https://openalex.org/W2125041271","https://openalex.org/W2130055347","https://openalex.org/W2150544314","https://openalex.org/W2162156389","https://openalex.org/W2168384971","https://openalex.org/W2172049065","https://openalex.org/W2215775248","https://openalex.org/W2407856452","https://openalex.org/W2480600974","https://openalex.org/W2609196494","https://openalex.org/W2799018399","https://openalex.org/W3102478690","https://openalex.org/W3105789652","https://openalex.org/W4232284745","https://openalex.org/W4242226933","https://openalex.org/W6634253960","https://openalex.org/W6636078577","https://openalex.org/W6649123549","https://openalex.org/W6655550855","https://openalex.org/W6674522609","https://openalex.org/W6685351134","https://openalex.org/W6714121213","https://openalex.org/W6736764762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523432015","https://openalex.org/W2765340260","https://openalex.org/W2153130273","https://openalex.org/W2076823813","https://openalex.org/W2143080380","https://openalex.org/W1589163333","https://openalex.org/W3008686614","https://openalex.org/W2754250206","https://openalex.org/W2320405033","https://openalex.org/W2621313369"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"hierarchical":[1,19,46],"layering":[2],"of":[3,109,134,146],"primary,":[4],"secondary,":[5],"and":[6,42,51,58,66,71,81,93,111],"tertiary":[7,126],"control":[8,29,57,127],"is":[9],"the":[10,28,62,102,106,132,135,144,160,165],"standard":[11],"operation":[12,41],"paradigm":[13],"for":[14,25,38,61,89,168],"bulk":[15],"power":[16],"systems.":[17],"Similar":[18],"decision":[20,47,64],"architectures":[21,88],"have":[22],"been":[23],"proposed":[24],"microgrids.":[26],"However,":[27],"objectives":[30],"in":[31,124,140,155],"microgrids":[32],"must":[33],"be":[34],"achieved":[35],"while":[36],"allowing":[37],"robust":[39],"plug-and-play":[40],"maximal":[43],"flexibility,":[44],"without":[45],"making,":[48],"time-scale":[49],"separations,":[50],"central":[52],"authorities.":[53],"Here,":[54],"we":[55],"explore":[56],"optimization":[59],"strategies":[60],"three":[63],"layers":[65],"illuminate":[67],"some":[68],"possibly-unexpected":[69],"connections":[70],"dependencies":[72],"among":[73,101],"them.":[74],"Our":[75],"analysis":[76],"builds":[77],"upon":[78],"first-principle":[79],"models":[80],"decentralized":[82],"droop":[83,150,161],"control.":[84,151],"We":[85,113,129],"investigate":[86],"distributed":[87,97],"secondary":[90],"frequency":[91],"regulation":[92],"find":[94],"that":[95,131],"averaging-based":[96],"controllers":[98],"using":[99],"communication":[100],"generation":[103],"units":[104],"offer":[105],"best":[107],"combination":[108],"flexibility":[110],"performance.":[112],"further":[114],"leverage":[115],"these":[116],"results":[117,154],"to":[118,158],"study":[119],"constrained":[120],"AC":[121],"economic":[122,136],"dispatch":[123,137],"a":[125],"layer.":[128],"show":[130],"minimizers":[133],"problem":[138],"are":[139],"one-to-one":[141],"correspondence":[142],"with":[143],"set":[145],"steady-states":[147],"reachable":[148],"by":[149],"This":[152],"equivalence":[153],"simple":[156],"guidelines":[157],"select":[159],"coefficients,":[162],"which":[163],"include":[164],"known":[166],"criteria":[167],"load":[169],"sharing.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
