{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049662047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","title":"Distributed clock synchronization: Joint frequency and phase consensus","display_name":"Distributed clock synchronization: Joint frequency and phase consensus","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049662047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","mag":"2049662047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032910355","display_name":"Enrique Mallada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1568-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Mallada","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103277656","display_name":"Ao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6296-644X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ECE, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032910355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9374595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"6742","last_page":"6747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7521738409996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7363130450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization-networks","display_name":"Synchronization networks","score":0.6655347347259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6171735525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5655555725097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5335807204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5157907009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5108396410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4696463942527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4623059034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4567190408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-algorithm","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","score":0.41371309757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.16577953100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1412200927734375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7521738409996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7363130450248718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111097370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10969923","display_name":"Synchronization networks","level":4,"score":0.6655347347259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6171735525131226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5655555725097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5335807204246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5157907009124756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5108396410942078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4696463942527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4623059034347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4567190408706665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.41371309757232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.16577953100204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1412200927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161231","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.4476","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.4476","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://networks.ece.cornell.edu/~mallada/pub/2011/CDC11_CS.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W247697463","https://openalex.org/W1598265553","https://openalex.org/W1970606629","https://openalex.org/W2011959041","https://openalex.org/W2026898705","https://openalex.org/W2041224213","https://openalex.org/W2097380742","https://openalex.org/W2102431007","https://openalex.org/W2113702258","https://openalex.org/W2116556014","https://openalex.org/W2116630866","https://openalex.org/W2119384430","https://openalex.org/W2125390348","https://openalex.org/W2130576372","https://openalex.org/W2136459228","https://openalex.org/W2137202716","https://openalex.org/W2137536023","https://openalex.org/W2154451686","https://openalex.org/W2159013099","https://openalex.org/W2171179450","https://openalex.org/W2285880935","https://openalex.org/W3142756138","https://openalex.org/W4238591275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W1586366284","https://openalex.org/W2063663506","https://openalex.org/W2981327836","https://openalex.org/W2297311436","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W3010279452","https://openalex.org/W153843616","https://openalex.org/W3183483298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distributed":[0],"synchronization":[1,53],"has":[2,17],"gradually":[3],"gained":[4],"importance":[5],"over":[6],"the":[7,19,44,101,105,110,114],"last":[8],"two":[9],"decades.":[10],"The":[11,64],"ad-hoc":[12],"nature":[13],"of":[14,30,100,113],"new":[15],"applications":[16],"increased":[18],"need":[20],"for":[21,82],"robust":[22,72],"and":[23,62,70,76,123],"scalable":[24],"distributed":[25,52],"algorithms":[26],"that":[27,55,103],"are":[28,46,119],"capable":[29],"generating":[31],"high":[32],"precision":[33],"timing":[34],"information.":[35],"However,":[36],"current":[37],"solutions":[38],"usually":[39],"produce":[40],"phase":[41],"errors":[42],"when":[43],"frequencies":[45],"heterogeneous.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"a":[51],"procedure":[54],"can":[56],"achieve":[57],"consensus":[58],"in":[59],"both":[60],"frequency":[61,74,107],"phase.":[63],"algorithm":[65,102],"uses":[66],"only":[67],"local":[68],"information":[69],"is":[71,85],"to":[73,121],"heterogeneity":[75],"network":[77],"topology.":[78],"A":[79],"sufficient":[80],"condition":[81],"global":[83],"convergence":[84],"shown":[86],"by":[87],"leveraging":[88],"recent":[89],"results":[90],"on":[91],"coupled":[92],"oscillators.":[93],"We":[94],"further":[95],"characterize":[96],"an":[97],"invariant":[98],"constant":[99],"relates":[104],"limiting":[106],"\u03c9*":[108],"with":[109],"harmonic":[111],"mean":[112],"clocks'":[115],"natural":[116],"frequencies.":[117],"Simulations":[118],"provided":[120],"illustrate":[122],"verify":[124],"these":[125],"properties.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
