{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035196459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","title":"Equilibrium control policies for Markov chains","display_name":"Equilibrium control policies for Markov chains","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035196459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","mag":"2035196459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265794","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076592878","display_name":"Andreas A. Malikopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4817-0976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1309980932","display_name":"National Transportation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/011fc0n53","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas A. Malikopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Energy & Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy & Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Energy and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN 37831, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1309980932","https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076592878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1309980932"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7996859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"7093","last_page":"7098"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12056","display_name":"Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle-point","display_name":"Saddle point","score":0.7433162927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7177392840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6897033452987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.6732298135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.6231072545051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6225709319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5568081736564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5100515484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4845098853111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saddle","display_name":"Saddle","score":0.47110798954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-cost","display_name":"Average cost","score":0.4424442946910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.44038158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4364953637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22266051173210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.13217046856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12398722767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08157524466514587}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2681867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690935","display_name":"Saddle point","level":2,"score":0.7433162927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7177392840385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6897033452987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.6732298135757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.6231072545051575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6225709319114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5568081736564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5100515484809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4845098853111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777127463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10862618","display_name":"Saddle","level":2,"score":0.47110798954963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780958618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q945621","display_name":"Average cost","level":2,"score":0.4424442946910858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.44038158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4364953637123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22266051173210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13217046856880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12398722767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08157524466514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160871","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1265794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1265794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1265794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W633277346","https://openalex.org/W652051033","https://openalex.org/W1512938982","https://openalex.org/W1529558080","https://openalex.org/W1566941664","https://openalex.org/W1932033405","https://openalex.org/W1967037758","https://openalex.org/W1967630104","https://openalex.org/W1970990249","https://openalex.org/W1976625337","https://openalex.org/W1976732220","https://openalex.org/W1979697138","https://openalex.org/W1986389067","https://openalex.org/W1998119014","https://openalex.org/W2007745734","https://openalex.org/W2015071951","https://openalex.org/W2018503864","https://openalex.org/W2020623277","https://openalex.org/W2022529355","https://openalex.org/W2023957456","https://openalex.org/W2026393211","https://openalex.org/W2028145673","https://openalex.org/W2052769973","https://openalex.org/W2056356355","https://openalex.org/W2059648440","https://openalex.org/W2061026830","https://openalex.org/W2063787625","https://openalex.org/W2128252588","https://openalex.org/W2133841948","https://openalex.org/W2141752161","https://openalex.org/W2146835059","https://openalex.org/W2170708844","https://openalex.org/W2180574977","https://openalex.org/W2319587272","https://openalex.org/W2321292752","https://openalex.org/W2478302134","https://openalex.org/W2600416234","https://openalex.org/W2799137445","https://openalex.org/W4300269506","https://openalex.org/W4388297583"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161367706","https://openalex.org/W4232554191","https://openalex.org/W2117282672","https://openalex.org/W3160590359","https://openalex.org/W34472511","https://openalex.org/W4285180444","https://openalex.org/W2977139627","https://openalex.org/W4221159156","https://openalex.org/W2000811885","https://openalex.org/W2035196459"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,39],"average":[1,40,82],"cost":[2,41,83],"criterion":[3,42],"has":[4,10],"held":[5],"great":[6],"intuitive":[7],"appeal":[8],"and":[9,57,112],"attracted":[11],"considerable":[12],"attention.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,43,50,59,119],"widely":[16],"employed":[17],"when":[18,46],"controlling":[19,73],"dynamic":[20],"systems":[21],"that":[22,102,115,145],"evolve":[23],"stochastically":[24],"over":[25],"time":[26,159],"by":[27],"means":[28],"of":[29,72,127,147,153],"formulating":[30],"an":[31,120,160],"optimization":[32,96],"problem":[33,71,91,111],"to":[34,53,63,79,137],"achieve":[35],"long-term":[36],"goals":[37],"efficiently.":[38],"especially":[44],"appealing":[45],"the":[47,70,81,90,108,128],"decision-making":[48],"process":[49],"long":[51],"compared":[52],"other":[54],"timescales":[55],"involved,":[56],"there":[58],"no":[60],"compelling":[61],"motivation":[62],"select":[64],"short-term":[65],"optimization.":[66],"This":[67],"paper":[68],"addresses":[69],"a":[74,93,103],"Markov":[75,129],"chain":[76],"so":[77],"as":[78,92],"minimize":[80],"per":[84],"unit":[85],"time.":[86],"Our":[87],"approach":[88],"treats":[89],"dual":[94,110],"constrained":[95],"problem.":[97],"We":[98],"derive":[99],"conditions":[100],"guaranteeing":[101],"saddle":[104,117,149],"point":[105,118],"exists":[106],"for":[107,124],"new":[109],"we":[113,139],"show":[114],"this":[116],"equilibrium":[121],"control":[122,162],"policy":[123],"each":[125],"state":[126],"chain.":[130],"For":[131],"practical":[132],"situations":[133],"with":[134],"constraints":[135],"consistent":[136],"those":[138],"study":[140],"here,":[141],"our":[142],"results":[143],"imply":[144],"recognition":[146],"such":[148],"points":[150],"may":[151],"be":[152],"value":[154],"in":[155,157],"deriving":[156],"real":[158],"optimal":[161],"policy.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}