{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171216515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","title":"Estimating state-space models in innovations form using the expectation maximisation algorithm","display_name":"Estimating state-space models in innovations form using the expectation maximisation algorithm","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171216515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","mag":"2171216515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97947","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050571002","display_name":"Adrian Wills","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-6649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Wills","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083090794","display_name":"Thomas B. Sch\u00f6n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5183-234X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Schon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Automatic Control, Link\u00f6ping University, Linkoping, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Automatic Control, Link\u00f6ping University, Linkoping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017673165","display_name":"Brett Ninness","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-5739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","display_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/00eae9z71","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Ninness","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050571002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79333098,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5524","last_page":"5529"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.662020206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5982798933982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.5679803490638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5404293537139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.5263813138008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5151487588882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48301494121551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.45043185353279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.44055670499801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.3282397985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30746138095855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09368020296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08438017964363098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.662020206451416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5982798933982849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5679803490638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5404293537139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.5263813138008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5151487588882446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48301494121551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.45043185353279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.44055670499801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.3282397985458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30746138095855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09368020296096802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08438017964363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717145","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.174.4276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.174.4276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.control.isy.liu.se/%7Eschon/Publications/WillsSN2010.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.300.2141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.300.2141","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://sigpromu.org/reports/Document896.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-97947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29002934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference contribution"},{"id":"pmh:uon:11565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/933201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401391","display_name":"NOVA (University of Newcastle, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78757542","host_organization_name":"University of Newcastle Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78757542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-97947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-97947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Report"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194242946","https://openalex.org/W1963718895","https://openalex.org/W2003967703","https://openalex.org/W2011691068","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2069371232","https://openalex.org/W2077677219","https://openalex.org/W2082020799","https://openalex.org/W2082060781","https://openalex.org/W2084445655","https://openalex.org/W2095409338","https://openalex.org/W2103537836","https://openalex.org/W2105062097","https://openalex.org/W2115691605","https://openalex.org/W2116304425","https://openalex.org/W2118760499","https://openalex.org/W2122512809","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2125945227","https://openalex.org/W2130242703","https://openalex.org/W2133104731","https://openalex.org/W2139575253","https://openalex.org/W2293807537","https://openalex.org/W2798681570","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W4293775970","https://openalex.org/W6674435275","https://openalex.org/W6678361441","https://openalex.org/W6696741278","https://openalex.org/W6822031644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978153144","https://openalex.org/W102848802","https://openalex.org/W2982058819","https://openalex.org/W2130734797","https://openalex.org/W3176361882","https://openalex.org/W2025556230","https://openalex.org/W2150061385","https://openalex.org/W1544505002","https://openalex.org/W1607666867","https://openalex.org/W1512911331"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54],"expectation":[1],"maximisation":[2],"(EM)":[3],"algorithm":[4,23,52],"has":[5,24,28],"proven":[6,29],"to":[7],"be":[8],"effective":[9],"for":[10,31],"a":[11,46,61,71,75],"range":[12],"of":[13,50],"identification":[14],"problems.":[15],"Unfortunately,":[16],"the":[17,21,32],"way":[18],"in":[19,66],"which":[20,58],"EM":[22,51,73],"previously":[25,47],"been":[26],"applied":[27],"unsuitable":[30],"commonly":[33],"employed":[34],"innovations":[35],"form":[36],"model":[37],"structure.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"addresses":[41],"this":[42],"problem,":[43],"and":[44],"presents":[45],"unexamined":[48],"method":[49],"employment.":[53],"results":[55],"are":[56],"profiled,":[57],"indicate":[59],"that":[60],"hybrid":[62],"EM/gradient-search":[63],"technique":[64],"may":[65],"some":[67],"cases":[68],"outperform":[69],"either":[70],"pure":[72,76],"or":[74],"gradient-based":[77],"search":[78],"approach.":[79]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
