{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2162000948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","title":"Notions of security and opacity in discrete event systems","display_name":"Notions of security and opacity in discrete event systems","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2162000948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","mag":"2162000948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086806518","display_name":"Anooshiravan Saboori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anooshiravan Saboori","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Coordinated Science Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Coordinated Science Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030551100","display_name":"Christoforos N. Hadjicostis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1706-708X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoforos N. Hadjicostis","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Coordinated Science Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Coordinated Science Laboratory, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086806518"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":246,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95846671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5056","last_page":"5061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opacity","display_name":"Opacity","score":0.9615460634231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer","display_name":"Observer (physics)","score":0.8127000331878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5522185564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5043073892593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.46692511439323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.45217186212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-observer","display_name":"State observer","score":0.4290100038051605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41327226161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3745657205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3682892322540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13350367546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.08625918626785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.05905270576477051}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.9615460634231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.8127000331878662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5522185564041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5043073892593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46692511439323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.45217186212539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3031470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State observer","level":3,"score":0.4290100038051605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41327226161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3745657205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3682892322540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13350367546081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.08625918626785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.05905270576477051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434515","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587663028","https://openalex.org/W1812425403","https://openalex.org/W1964369152","https://openalex.org/W2063888136","https://openalex.org/W2101629635","https://openalex.org/W2142367687","https://openalex.org/W2143824629","https://openalex.org/W2158302348","https://openalex.org/W2171225490","https://openalex.org/W2293590715","https://openalex.org/W4292930798","https://openalex.org/W4297744580","https://openalex.org/W6638229238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394201814","https://openalex.org/W2113447317","https://openalex.org/W4205434950","https://openalex.org/W2111927334","https://openalex.org/W2724327981","https://openalex.org/W4378174414","https://openalex.org/W2910254721","https://openalex.org/W49937128","https://openalex.org/W2052290370","https://openalex.org/W2134505707"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,57,133],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"follow":[4],"a":[5,34],"state-based":[6,120],"approach":[7],"to":[8,17,42,99,150],"extend":[9],"the":[10,27,50,53,64,67,73,77,81,90,106,109,113,119,125,135,158,161,164,176,183,188],"notion":[11,92],"of":[12,29,36,76,83,93,108,122,127,137,160,163,187],"opacity":[13,98,123],"in":[14,49],"computer":[15],"security":[16],"discrete":[18],"event":[19],"systems.":[20],"A":[21],"system":[22,51,78,165],"is":[23,46,69,79,140,148],"(S,":[24],"P)-opaque":[25],"if":[26],"evolution":[28],"its":[30],"true":[31,101],"state":[32,75,111,152,162],"through":[33,52,63],"set":[35,82,114],"secret":[37,84],"states":[38,85],"S":[39],"remains":[40],"opaque":[41],"an":[43,143],"observer":[44,68,128,144,189],"who":[45],"observing":[47],"activity":[48],"projection":[54],"map":[55],"P.":[56],"other":[58],"words,":[59],"based":[60],"on":[61],"observations":[62,104,167,174],"mapping":[65],"P,":[66],"never":[70],"certain":[71],"that":[72,118],"current":[74],"within":[80],"S.":[86,115],"We":[87,116,180],"also":[88,181],"introduce":[89],"stronger":[91],"(S,P,":[94,138],"K)-opacity":[95,139],"which":[96,147],"requires":[97],"remain":[100],"for":[102,130],"K":[103,166,178],"following":[105],"departure":[107],"system's":[110],"from":[112],"show":[117],"definition":[121],"enables":[124],"use":[126],"constructions":[129],"verification":[131,136],"purposes.":[132],"particular,":[134],"accomplished":[141],"via":[142],"with":[145,154,172,190],"K-delay":[146],"constructed":[149],"capture":[151],"estimates":[153,159],"K-delay.":[155],"These":[156],"are":[157,170],"ago":[168],"and":[169,185],"consistent":[171],"all":[173],"(including":[175],"last":[177],"observations).":[179],"analyze":[182],"properties":[184],"complexity":[186],"K-":[191],"delay.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
