{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131553355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","title":"Time in general-purpose control systems: the Control Time Protocol and an experimental evaluation","display_name":"Time in general-purpose control systems: the Control Time Protocol and an experimental evaluation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131553355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","mag":"2131553355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608267","display_name":"2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052039290","display_name":"Scott Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0193-1192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079740733","display_name":"Praveen Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.R. Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSL and Department of ECE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSL and Department of ECE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052039290"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96568412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"4004","last_page":"4009 Vol.4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.8347554206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7411544322967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.7023137807846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5932482481002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5873110294342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4954022169113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4835093319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.44528430700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4426668584346771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.41169628500938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32487577199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20630642771720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09500375390052795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.8347554206848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7411544322967529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.7023137807846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5932482481002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5873110294342041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4954022169113159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4835093319416046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.44528430700302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4426668584346771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.41169628500938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32487577199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20630642771720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09500375390052795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608267","display_name":"2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523600600","https://openalex.org/W1591287028","https://openalex.org/W1973501242","https://openalex.org/W2117172651","https://openalex.org/W2122690764","https://openalex.org/W2168450954","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2171342458","https://openalex.org/W2489822048","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3151810229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2338718585","https://openalex.org/W2054620577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"No":[0],"two":[1,39],"clocks":[2],"generally":[3],"agree.":[4],"Distributed":[5],"control":[6,80],"applications,":[7],"however,":[8],"require":[9],"accurate":[10],"timing":[11,59],"information.":[12],"This":[13],"necessitates":[14],"some":[15],"form":[16],"of":[17,22,44,64,86,103,123],"message":[18],"passing":[19],"for":[20,57],"interpretation":[21],"distributed":[23,65],"clocks.":[24],"We":[25,46],"exhibit":[26],"a":[27],"fundamental":[28],"indeterminacy":[29],"in":[30,37,61,77,96],"estimating":[31],"time":[32,109],"when":[33],"delays":[34],"are":[35,126],"unequal":[36],"the":[38,48,62,78,84,87,94,97,101],"directions,":[40],"necessitating":[41],"an":[42,53],"assumption":[43],"symmetry.":[45],"present":[47,76],"Control":[49],"Time":[50],"Protocol":[51],"as":[52,119,121],"architecturally":[54],"clean":[55],"algorithm":[56],"providing":[58],"information":[60],"domain":[63],"control.":[66],"The":[67],"protocol":[68],"introduces":[69],"no":[70],"additional":[71],"dependencies":[72],"beyond":[73],"those":[74],"already":[75],"very":[79],"loops,":[81],"thus":[82],"enhancing":[83],"reliability":[85],"systems.":[88],"It":[89],"has":[90],"been":[91],"implemented":[92],"on":[93],"testbed":[95],"Convergence":[98],"Laboratory":[99],"at":[100],"University":[102],"Illinois.":[104],"Experimental":[105],"results":[106],"demonstrating":[107],"how":[108],"stamping":[110],"can":[111],"be":[112],"used":[113],"to":[114],"enhance":[115],"stability":[116],"and":[117],"performance,":[118],"well":[120],"measurements":[122],"network":[124],"latencies,":[125],"provided.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}