{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1482733007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","title":"Lack of convexity for tangent cones of needle variations","display_name":"Lack of convexity for tangent cones of needle variations","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1482733007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","mag":"1482733007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113812774","display_name":"Rosa Maria Bianchini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R.-M. Bianchini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Matematica Ulisse Dini, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy","Dipt. di Matematica Ulisse Dini, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Matematica Ulisse Dini, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Matematica Ulisse Dini, Universita degli Studi di Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009154951","display_name":"Matthias Kawski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6135-9664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152479","display_name":"Statistical Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05vydvf11","country_code":"CY","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152479"]}],"countries":["CY","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kawski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","CLAS-NS: Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, School of (SMSS)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLAS-NS: Mathematics and Statistical Sciences, School of (SMSS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113812774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.818,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76463686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"1916","last_page":"1921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11615","display_name":"Control and Dynamics of Mobile Robots","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11615","display_name":"Control and Dynamics of Mobile Robots","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11685","display_name":"Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications","score":0.9749000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12672","display_name":"Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation","score":0.9254999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.983738899230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.8535296320915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tangent","display_name":"Tangent","score":0.7695781588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nilpotent","display_name":"Nilpotent","score":0.6571205854415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6330326199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5421075224876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5343056917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5147659778594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5108394026756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4349025785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4345918297767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4275036156177521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.38096359372138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.27347660064697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.17873555421829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12262481451034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06760305166244507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.983738899230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.8535296320915222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138187205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131251","display_name":"Tangent","level":2,"score":0.7695781588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50555996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840023","display_name":"Nilpotent","level":2,"score":0.6571205854415894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6330326199531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5421075224876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5343056917190552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5147659778594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5108394026756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4349025785923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4345918297767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4275036156177521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.38096359372138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.27347660064697266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.17873555421829224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12262481451034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06760305166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2002.1184806","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.69.7836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.69.7836","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://math.la.asu.edu/~kawski/preprints/02-12-CDCvegas.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.71.8683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.71.8683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://math.la.asu.edu/~kawski/preprints/02-12-CDCvegas.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.8.986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.8.986","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://math.la.asu.edu/pub/kawski/preprints/02-12-CDCvegas.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162902723","https://openalex.org/W198924233","https://openalex.org/W1021993205","https://openalex.org/W1585453690","https://openalex.org/W1587799944","https://openalex.org/W1975897393","https://openalex.org/W1981217114","https://openalex.org/W1985578018","https://openalex.org/W1986803074","https://openalex.org/W1991378199","https://openalex.org/W2014879136","https://openalex.org/W2038636226","https://openalex.org/W2040137080","https://openalex.org/W2050052273","https://openalex.org/W2067023056","https://openalex.org/W2090451298","https://openalex.org/W2102040002","https://openalex.org/W2143810732","https://openalex.org/W2176339628","https://openalex.org/W2334591577","https://openalex.org/W3206777520","https://openalex.org/W4242914486","https://openalex.org/W4297957076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036697162","https://openalex.org/W2332386680","https://openalex.org/W2248621902","https://openalex.org/W2003779889","https://openalex.org/W4205698120","https://openalex.org/W2561315646","https://openalex.org/W2542825942","https://openalex.org/W3201620972","https://openalex.org/W4239246781","https://openalex.org/W1496421768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,110],"carefully":[4],"constructed":[5],"sequence":[6],"of":[7,41,67,80,93],"simple":[8],"systems":[9,83],"which":[10],"show":[11],"that":[12,21,28,73],"even":[13],"for":[14,38,50],"very":[15],"benign":[16],"systems,":[17],"the":[18,42,64,74,77,87,90,94,102],"usual":[19,103],"conditions":[20],"needle":[22],"variations":[23],"do":[24],"not":[25,85],"collide":[26],"(or":[27,76,89],"they":[29,71],"are":[30,36],"moveable":[31],"by":[32],"sufficiently":[33],"large":[34],"amounts)":[35],"essential":[37,49],"guaranteeing":[39],"convexity":[40],"tangent":[43],"objects.":[44],"This,":[45],"in":[46,113],"turn,":[47],"is":[48],"practical":[51],"applicability":[52],"to":[53,100],"decide":[54],"optimality.":[55],"These":[56,97],"examples":[57],"also":[58],"further":[59],"raise":[60],"deep":[61],"questions":[62],"about":[63],"structural":[65],"stability":[66],"nonlinear":[68],"controllability":[69,75,88,117],"properties:":[70],"demonstrate":[72],"lack":[78,91],"thereof)":[79,92],"nilpotent":[81,106],"approximating":[82],"need":[84],"reflect":[86],"original":[95],"systems.":[96],"suggest":[98],"limitations":[99],"extending":[101],"arguments":[104],"using":[105],"approximations":[107],"have":[108],"played":[109],"critical":[111],"role":[112],"obtaining":[114],"many":[115],"classical":[116],"and":[118],"optimality":[119],"results.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}