{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366251194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277","title":"Activity-Attack Graphs for Intelligence-Informed Threat COA Development","display_name":"Activity-Attack Graphs for Intelligence-Informed Threat COA Development","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366251194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073550779","display_name":"Cole Mckee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301626629","display_name":"New York Academy of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwdv335","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152400","display_name":"Military Medical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/04szvwj50","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cole Mckee","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Military Academy,NY,USA","United States Military Academy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629","https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040991718","display_name":"Kelsie Edie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301626629","display_name":"New York Academy of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwdv335","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152400","display_name":"Military Medical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/04szvwj50","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelsie Edie","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Military Academy,NY,USA","United States Military Academy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629","https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075793938","display_name":"Adam Duby","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1301626629","display_name":"New York Academy of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwdv335","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152400","display_name":"Military Medical Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/04szvwj50","country_code":"EG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]}],"countries":["EG","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Duby","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Military Academy,NY,USA","United States Military Academy, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy,NY,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1301626629","https://openalex.org/I4210152400"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Military Academy, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36039859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":null,"first_page":"0598","last_page":"0604"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7889201641082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7164563536643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.5928885340690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5868384838104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45006242394447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.435749351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4232224225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.15444710850715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1332678496837616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7889201641082764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164563536643982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.5928885340690613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5868384838104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45006242394447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.435749351978302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4232224225997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.15444710850715637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1332678496837616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccwc57344.2023.10099277","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 13th Annual Computing and Communication Workshop and Conference (CCWC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066277072","https://openalex.org/W2758108284","https://openalex.org/W2999620626","https://openalex.org/W3048012689","https://openalex.org/W3157552928","https://openalex.org/W3186276894","https://openalex.org/W3197345963","https://openalex.org/W3216756544","https://openalex.org/W4293024991","https://openalex.org/W4312626950","https://openalex.org/W6603173816","https://openalex.org/W6628750762","https://openalex.org/W6798681010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224216661","https://openalex.org/W2132360941","https://openalex.org/W2154523322","https://openalex.org/W3210347767","https://openalex.org/W2083200807","https://openalex.org/W1603137082","https://openalex.org/W2364195017","https://openalex.org/W2066014542","https://openalex.org/W2355430452","https://openalex.org/W67940504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"threat":[1,33,58,130,147],"course":[2],"of":[3,73,99,109,146],"action":[4],"(COA)":[5],"describes":[6],"the":[7,19,39,102,106,114,136],"likely":[8,37],"tactics,":[9],"techniques,":[10],"and":[11,25,32,56,89,101,123,141],"procedures":[12],"(TTPs)":[13],"an":[14,44,125],"adversary":[15,40,97],"may":[16],"deploy":[17],"across":[18],"cyber":[20],"kill-chain.":[21],"Threat":[22],"COA":[23],"development":[24],"analysis":[26],"informs":[27],"hunt":[28],"teams,":[29],"incident":[30],"responders,":[31],"emulation":[34],"efforts":[35],"on":[36],"activities":[38],"will":[41],"conduct":[42],"during":[43],"attack.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"a":[51,71,87,110,144],"novel":[52],"approach":[53,127],"to":[54,69,85,128],"generate":[55],"evaluate":[57],"COAs":[59],"through":[60],"association":[61],"rule":[62],"mining.":[63],"We":[64,81],"identify":[65],"frequent":[66],"TTP":[67,112],"itemsets":[68],"create":[70,86],"set":[72],"activity":[74,83],"groups":[75,84],"that":[76],"describe":[77],"associations":[78,120],"between":[79,121],"TTPs.":[80],"overlay":[82],"directed":[88],"edge-weighted":[90],"activity-attack":[91],"graph.":[92],"The":[93],"graphs":[94],"hypothesize":[95],"various":[96],"avenues":[98],"attack,":[100],"weighted":[103],"edges":[104],"inform":[105],"analyst's":[107],"trust":[108],"hypothesized":[111],"in":[113,143],"COA.":[115],"Our":[116],"research":[117],"identifies":[118],"meaningful":[119],"TTPs":[122],"provides":[124],"analytical":[126],"generating":[129],"COAs.":[131],"Further,":[132],"our":[133],"implementation":[134],"uses":[135],"STIX":[137],"framework":[138],"for":[139],"extensibility":[140],"usability":[142],"variety":[145],"intelligence":[148],"environments.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}