{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386953420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127","title":"Intermittent Control for Safe Long-Acting Insulin Intensification for Type 2 Diabetes: In-Silico Experiments <sup>*</sup>","display_name":"Intermittent Control for Safe Long-Acting Insulin Intensification for Type 2 Diabetes: In-Silico Experiments <sup>*</sup>","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386953420","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044231781","display_name":"Anas El Fathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7837-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas El Fathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035627936","display_name":"Mohammadreza Ganji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadreza Ganji","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007401492","display_name":"Dimitri Boiroux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-8826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189090001","display_name":"Novo Nordisk (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189090001","https://openalex.org/I2801134892","https://openalex.org/I4210159963"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitri Boiroux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk A/S,Bagsv&#x00E6;rd,Denmark,DK-2880"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk A/S,Bagsv&#x00E6;rd,Denmark,DK-2880","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189090001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015282653","display_name":"Henrik Bengtsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7579-5165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189090001","display_name":"Novo Nordisk (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189090001","https://openalex.org/I2801134892","https://openalex.org/I4210159963"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Bengtsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novo Nordisk A/S,Bagsv&#x00E6;rd,Denmark,DK-2880"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novo Nordisk A/S,Bagsv&#x00E6;rd,Denmark,DK-2880","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189090001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089437051","display_name":"Marc D. Breton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-2693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc D. Breton","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia,Center for Diabetes Technology,Charlottesville,VA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96236559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"534","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11171","display_name":"Diabetes and associated disorders","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic","display_name":"Glycemic","score":0.7118320465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7083650827407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"Insulin","score":0.6949869990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","score":0.6932222843170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-insulin","display_name":"Basal insulin","score":0.5223356485366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","score":0.5126625895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","score":0.5042325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.44061192870140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.4290282130241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.4042873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.3271493911743164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.7118320465087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7083650827407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.6949869990348816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202758","display_name":"Hypoglycemia","level":3,"score":0.6932222843170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909524832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Basal insulin","level":4,"score":0.5223356485366821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778024521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639806","display_name":"Basal (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.5126625895500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5042325258255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.44061192870140076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.4290282130241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.4042873978614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3271493911743164}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253127","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1878714189","https://openalex.org/W2067533175","https://openalex.org/W2100758175","https://openalex.org/W2121918915","https://openalex.org/W2743255614","https://openalex.org/W2783552681","https://openalex.org/W2895746197","https://openalex.org/W2904992459","https://openalex.org/W2915527669","https://openalex.org/W2969085751","https://openalex.org/W3086044206","https://openalex.org/W3151813973","https://openalex.org/W3214442659","https://openalex.org/W4205654151","https://openalex.org/W4221055409","https://openalex.org/W4225145426","https://openalex.org/W4311158234","https://openalex.org/W4311263986","https://openalex.org/W4311264067","https://openalex.org/W4311596863","https://openalex.org/W4312113061","https://openalex.org/W4313543635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128414331","https://openalex.org/W2255784306","https://openalex.org/W2302924012","https://openalex.org/W3204915475","https://openalex.org/W4400026294","https://openalex.org/W2945884729","https://openalex.org/W1975663485","https://openalex.org/W2065418743","https://openalex.org/W2795301291","https://openalex.org/W4235685257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Around":[0],"a":[1,22,74,104,152],"third":[2],"of":[3,33,47,106,157],"type":[4],"2":[5],"diabetes":[6],"patients":[7],"(T2D)":[8],"are":[9,56],"escalated":[10],"to":[11,20,59,82,110,115,142,193],"basal":[12,86,232],"insulin":[13,16,62,87,148,233],"injections.":[14,234],"Basal":[15],"dose":[17],"is":[18,37,78,91,149],"titrated":[19,150],"achieve":[21,124],"tight":[23],"glycemic":[24,227],"target":[25],"without":[26,171],"undue":[27],"hypoglycemic":[28],"risk.":[29],"In":[30],"the":[31,50,60,84,97,125,194],"standard":[32],"care":[34],"(SoC),":[35],"titration":[36,63],"based":[38],"on":[39],"intermittent":[40],"fasting":[41,76],"blood":[42],"glucose":[43,127],"(FBG)":[44],"measurements.":[45],"Lack":[46],"adherence":[48],"and":[49,80,103,135,140,165,187,201,209,221],"day-to-day":[51],"variabilities":[52],"in":[53,93,225],"FBG":[54,144],"measurements":[55],"limiting":[57],"factors":[58],"existing":[61],"procedure.":[64],"We":[65],"propose":[66],"an":[67,172,214],"adaptive":[68],"receding":[69],"horizon":[70],"control":[71,121],"strategy":[72,122],"where":[73],"glucose-insulin":[75],"model":[77],"identified":[79],"used":[81],"predict":[83],"optimal":[85],"dose.":[88],"This":[89],"algorithm":[90],"evaluated":[92],"in-silico":[94],"experiments":[95],"using":[96,231],"new":[98],"UVA":[99],"virtual":[100],"lab":[101],"(UVlab),":[102],"set":[105],"T2D":[107,230],"avatars":[108],"matched":[109],"clinical":[111],"data":[112],"(NCT01336023).":[113],"Compared":[114],"SoC,":[116],"we":[117],"show":[118],"that":[119],"this":[120],"can":[123,159,216],"same":[126],"targets":[128],"faster":[129],"(as":[130],"soon":[131],"as":[132,176],"week":[133,163,168,184,188,198,206,210],"8)":[134],"safer":[136],"(increased":[137],"hypoglycemia":[138,174],"protection":[139],"robustness":[141],"missing":[143],"measurements).":[145],"Specifically,":[146],"when":[147,191],"daily,":[151],"time-in-range":[153],"(TIR,":[154],"70\u2013180":[155],"mg/dL)":[156],"71.4\u00b120.0%":[158],"be":[160],"achieved":[161],"at":[162,167,197,205],"8":[164],"maintained":[166],"52":[169],"(72.6\u00b119.6%)":[170],"increased":[173],"risk":[175],"measured":[177],"by":[178],"time":[179],"under":[180],"70":[181],"mg/dL":[182],"(TBR,":[183],"8:":[185,199,207],"1.3\u00b11.9%":[186],"52:":[189,211],"1.2\u00b11.9%),":[190],"compared":[192],"SoC":[195],"(TIR":[196],"59.3\u00b128.0%":[200],"week:52":[202],"72.1\u00b122.3%,":[203],"TBR":[204],"0.5\u00b11.3%":[208],"2.8\u00b13.4%).":[212],"Such":[213],"approach":[215],"potentially":[217],"reduce":[218],"treatment":[219],"inertia":[220],"prescription":[222],"complexity,":[223],"resulting":[224],"improved":[226],"outcomes":[228],"for":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
