{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386952967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","title":"Lodestar: An Integrated Embedded Real-Time Control Engine*","display_name":"Lodestar: An Integrated Embedded Real-Time Control Engine*","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386952967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39295628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410108/pdf/nihms-2020291.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066170515","display_name":"Hamza El-Kebir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3639-0568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza El-Kebir","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Dept. of Aerospace Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Dept. of Aerospace Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057027658","display_name":"Joseph Bentsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7720-4365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Bentsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Dept. of Mech. Sci. and Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Dept. of Mech. Sci. and Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070897457","display_name":"Melkior Ornik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8510-8787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melkior Ornik","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Coordinated Sci. Lab.,Dept. of Aerospace Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign,Coordinated Sci. Lab.,Dept. of Aerospace Engr.,Urbana,IL,USA,61801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13497669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":null,"first_page":"886","last_page":"891"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6087058186531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5602775812149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5387829542160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3360576033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17978918552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1294163465499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.0831943154335022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6087058186531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5602775812149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5387829542160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3360576033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17978918552398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1294163465499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0831943154335022}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:39295628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39295628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Control Technology and Applications. Control Technology and Applications","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11410108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11410108","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410108/pdf/nihms-2020291.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Control Technol Appl","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11410108","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11410108","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11410108/pdf/nihms-2020291.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Control Technol Appl","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1351725428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"80NSSC21K1030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G574573018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01EB029766","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322037","display_name":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05qk3ge34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338440","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Health","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4386952967.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512984402","https://openalex.org/W1608589891","https://openalex.org/W1812003359","https://openalex.org/W1976838132","https://openalex.org/W1989119040","https://openalex.org/W1996058353","https://openalex.org/W2001456083","https://openalex.org/W2042736891","https://openalex.org/W2068127265","https://openalex.org/W2094922940","https://openalex.org/W2106219507","https://openalex.org/W2121293895","https://openalex.org/W2129770841","https://openalex.org/W2144865298","https://openalex.org/W2153046262","https://openalex.org/W2160196433","https://openalex.org/W2167340365","https://openalex.org/W2186791380","https://openalex.org/W2206222117","https://openalex.org/W2650195204","https://openalex.org/W2768397352","https://openalex.org/W2775416623","https://openalex.org/W2795412448","https://openalex.org/W2896864230","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W3171952073","https://openalex.org/W3185195995","https://openalex.org/W3207986186","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W4312720876","https://openalex.org/W6677999454","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6755287161","https://openalex.org/W6756486208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{",":[0],"an":[1],"integrated":[2],"engine":[3],"for":[4,18,66,75,84,153,177],"rapid":[5],"real-time":[6,104,139,150],"control":[7,21,117,127,140],"system":[8,128],"development.":[9],"Using":[10],"a":[11,37,149,154,166,173,221],"functional":[12],"block":[13,68],"diagram":[14],"paradigm,":[15],"Lodestar":[16,35,64,124,137,146,164,200,210],"allows":[17,65],"complex":[19],"multi-disciplinary":[20],"software":[22,58],"design,":[23,142],"while":[24],"automatically":[25],"resolving":[26],"execution":[27],"order,":[28],"circular":[29],"data-dependencies,":[30],"and":[31,44,57,106,130,182,187,217],"networking.":[32],"In":[33],"particular,":[34],"presents":[36],"unified":[38],"set":[39],"of":[40,116,122,136,190,223],"control,":[41],"signal":[42],"processing,":[43],"computer":[45],"vision":[46],"routines":[47],"to":[48,70,77,80,102,110,147,165,197],"users,":[49],"which":[50],"may":[51],"be":[52,71,78],"interfaced":[53],"with":[54,214],"external":[55],"hardware":[56],"packages":[59],"using":[60,123],"interoperable":[61],"user-defined":[62,67],"wrappers.":[63],"diagrams":[69],"directly":[72],"executed,":[73],"or":[74],"them":[76],"translated":[79],"overhead-free":[81],"source":[82],"code":[83],"integration":[85],"in":[86,98,113,125,138,163,179,185,220],"other":[87,188],"programs.":[88],"We":[89,193,206],"demonstrate":[90,133],"how":[91,209],"our":[92],"framework":[93,219],"departs":[94],"from":[95],"approaches":[96],"used":[97],"state-of-the-art":[99],"simulation":[100,216,224],"frameworks":[101],"enable":[103],"performance,":[105],"compare":[107,158],"its":[108],"capabilities":[109],"existing":[111,215],"solutions":[112],"the":[114,120,134,159,203],"realm":[115],"software,":[118],"emphasizing":[119],"convenience":[121],"low-level":[126],"design":[129,161,204],"implementation.":[131],"To":[132,157],"utility":[135],"systems":[141],"we":[143,170],"have":[144,171],"applied":[145],"implement":[148],"torque-based":[151],"controller":[152],"robotic":[155],"arm.":[156],"algorithm":[160,176],"approach":[162],"classical":[167],"ground-up":[168],"approach,":[169],"developed":[172],"novel":[174],"autofocus":[175],"use":[178,194],"thermography-based":[180],"localization":[181],"parameter":[183],"estimation":[184],"electrosurgery":[186],"areas":[189],"robot-assisted":[191],"surgery.":[192],"this":[195],"example":[196],"illustrate":[198],"that":[199],"considerably":[201],"eases":[202],"process.":[205],"also":[207],"show":[208],"can":[211],"seamlessly":[212],"interface":[213],"networking":[218],"number":[222],"examples.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
