{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899245828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","title":"Nonlinear PID Control for Pitch Systems of Large Wind Energy Converters","display_name":"Nonlinear PID Control for Pitch Systems of Large Wind Energy Converters","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899245828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","mag":"2899245828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498315","display_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091841277","display_name":"Adrian Gambier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4788-5040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124112","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02phevt59","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124112","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Gambier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer IWES, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy, Am Seedeich 45, Bremerhaven, 27572, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer IWES, Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy, Am Seedeich 45, Bremerhaven, 27572, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124112"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022381042","display_name":"Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1636-176X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134635517","display_name":"Bandung Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00apj8t60","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut Teknologi Bandung, Control Research Group, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Teknologi Bandung, Control Research Group, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134635517"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9636655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"996","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12206","display_name":"Vibration and Dynamic Analysis","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.8407244682312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pitch-control","display_name":"Pitch control","score":0.7440988421440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7400448322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tower","display_name":"Tower","score":0.6893258094787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade-pitch","display_name":"Blade pitch","score":0.6032488346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.6011651158332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6007401943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5678191184997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5457004308700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.5029112696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44276756048202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.42359307408332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34264135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3117198050022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.26953697204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.13591989874839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13258954882621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12447664141654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.1167745292186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07043027877807617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.8407244682312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778330180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027065","display_name":"Pitch control","level":3,"score":0.7440988421440125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7400448322296143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777831296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12518","display_name":"Tower","level":2,"score":0.6893258094787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97683284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134697","display_name":"Blade pitch","level":3,"score":0.6032488346099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.6011651158332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6007401943206787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5678191184997559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5457004308700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.5029112696647644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44276756048202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.42359307408332825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34264135360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3117198050022125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.26953697204589844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.13591989874839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13258954882621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12447664141654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.1167745292186737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07043027877807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498315","display_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fraunhofer.de:N-565723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publica.fraunhofer.de/documents/N-565723.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400801","display_name":"Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fraunhofer IWES","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/405711","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/405711","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323803","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Wirtschaft und Energie","ror":"https://ror.org/02vgg2808"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W160774294","https://openalex.org/W638013682","https://openalex.org/W1533975523","https://openalex.org/W1548967897","https://openalex.org/W1911077622","https://openalex.org/W1985270334","https://openalex.org/W1986146862","https://openalex.org/W2021627000","https://openalex.org/W2032235156","https://openalex.org/W2068645334","https://openalex.org/W2097448181","https://openalex.org/W2102496525","https://openalex.org/W2106880431","https://openalex.org/W2129664525","https://openalex.org/W2132864302","https://openalex.org/W2134282505","https://openalex.org/W2135443714","https://openalex.org/W2157113526","https://openalex.org/W2289721989","https://openalex.org/W2482388642","https://openalex.org/W2762445696","https://openalex.org/W2808918062","https://openalex.org/W2887919830","https://openalex.org/W6606528477","https://openalex.org/W6633007699","https://openalex.org/W6675506982","https://openalex.org/W6752420353","https://openalex.org/W6907630030","https://openalex.org/W7005527196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067295992","https://openalex.org/W2015710369","https://openalex.org/W2011977908","https://openalex.org/W4294551908","https://openalex.org/W1982162351","https://openalex.org/W2054258310","https://openalex.org/W2053520780","https://openalex.org/W3153543586","https://openalex.org/W2941843380","https://openalex.org/W2079599601"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,87],"main":[1],"control":[2,35,78,82,98,155,162],"strategy":[3],"of":[4,13,24,49,105],"three-bladed,":[5],"variable-speed,":[6],"horizontal-axis":[7],"large-sized":[8],"wind":[9,16,108,168],"turbines,":[10],"in":[11,58,153,157,164],"case":[12],"over":[14],"rated":[15,174],"speed":[17,169],"is":[18],"based":[19,113],"on":[20,114],"the":[21,25,37,50,64,91,102,121,130,138,146,154,160,167],"equal":[22],"actuation":[23,66],"all":[26],"three":[27],"blades.":[28],"In":[29],"addition":[30],"to":[31,47,60,159],"this":[32],"collective":[33],"pitch":[34,39,56,65,103],"(CPC),":[36],"provided":[38],"angles":[40],"can":[41,149],"be":[42],"slightly":[43],"individually":[44],"modified":[45],"according":[46],"measurements":[48],"root":[51],"bending":[52],"moments":[53],"(IPC,":[54],"individual":[55],"control)":[57],"order":[59],"mitigate":[61],"loads.":[62],"Finally,":[63],"produces":[67],"additional":[68],"tower":[69,76],"oscillations":[70],"that":[71,145],"will":[72],"require":[73],"an":[74],"active":[75],"damping":[77],"(ATDC).":[79],"All":[80],"these":[81],"loops":[83],"are":[84,118,141],"usually":[85],"PID-based.":[86],"present":[88],"work":[89],"describes":[90],"results":[92],"obtained":[93],"from":[94,172],"a":[95,106],"nonlinear":[96],"PID":[97,111],"(NPID)":[99],"approach":[100,148],"for":[101,120],"system":[104],"large":[107],"turbine.":[109],"Nonlinear":[110],"approaches":[112],"hyperbolic":[115],"secant":[116],"functions":[117],"used":[119],"CPC,":[122],"ICP":[123],"and":[124,137],"ATDC,":[125],"respectively.":[126],"As":[127],"simulation":[128],"platform,":[129],"5-MW":[131],"reference":[132],"turbine":[133],"developed":[134],"by":[135],"NREL":[136],"software":[139],"FAST":[140],"used.":[142],"Results":[143],"show":[144],"NPID":[147],"provide":[150],"significant":[151],"improvements":[152],"performance":[156],"comparison":[158],"classic":[161],"approach,":[163],"particular":[165],"when":[166],"goes":[170],"far":[171],"its":[173],"value.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}