{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905830765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","title":"Airport Security X-Ray Screening of Hold Baggage: 2D Versus 3D Imaging and Evaluation of an on-Screen Alarm Resolution Protocol","display_name":"Airport Security X-Ray Screening of Hold Baggage: 2D Versus 3D Imaging and Evaluation of an on-Screen Alarm Resolution Protocol","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905830765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","mag":"2905830765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064733297","display_name":"Nicole H\u00e4ttenschwiler","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Hattenschwiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047045507","display_name":"Sarah Merks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-2535"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Merks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071153707","display_name":"Adrian Schwaninger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7753-106X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Schwaninger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Adaptive Security Research and Applications (CASRA), Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064733297"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89282537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.6473413705825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airport-security","display_name":"Airport security","score":0.6410456895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.618565559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5863454341888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5680288076400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.484809547662735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.4708546996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.46410807967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37845954298973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3730626702308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3202260434627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17813271284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.15527376532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12419736385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10795524716377258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.6473413705825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180646296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378517","display_name":"Airport security","level":2,"score":0.6410456895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.618565559387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5863454341888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5680288076400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.484809547662735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.4708546996116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.46410807967185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37845954298973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3730626702308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3202260434627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17813271284103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.15527376532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12419736385345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10795524716377258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585713","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W282666689","https://openalex.org/W1772394807","https://openalex.org/W1940176186","https://openalex.org/W1963701492","https://openalex.org/W1991170850","https://openalex.org/W1997587635","https://openalex.org/W2009067105","https://openalex.org/W2011106857","https://openalex.org/W2029940723","https://openalex.org/W2035046132","https://openalex.org/W2055105885","https://openalex.org/W2065223834","https://openalex.org/W2076285411","https://openalex.org/W2077500449","https://openalex.org/W2087977368","https://openalex.org/W2101446054","https://openalex.org/W2120630712","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2149961050","https://openalex.org/W2288288067","https://openalex.org/W2906287225","https://openalex.org/W2921629193","https://openalex.org/W3021937192","https://openalex.org/W6640669759","https://openalex.org/W6674866236","https://openalex.org/W6678230397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584123598","https://openalex.org/W2731305060","https://openalex.org/W2372003537","https://openalex.org/W2732807254","https://openalex.org/W2587670262","https://openalex.org/W3037375888","https://openalex.org/W2366730739","https://openalex.org/W4378419970","https://openalex.org/W3121346907","https://openalex.org/W4379535633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,140,198],"airport":[1,51],"security":[2,54],"screening,":[3],"passenger":[4],"baggage":[5,144],"that":[6,43,164],"is":[7,17,63],"transported":[8],"in":[9,169,187],"the":[10,84,115,228],"hold":[11,143],"of":[12,87,119,224],"an":[13,155,184,225],"aircraft":[14],"(hold":[15],"baggage)":[16],"screened":[18],"using":[19,121],"X-ray":[20,152],"machines":[21],"with":[22,78,180,203,219,237],"explosive":[23,157],"detection":[24,170,189,217,234],"technology.":[25],"Older":[26],"systems":[27,36],"are":[28,37,68,96],"based":[29,38],"on":[30,39],"2D":[31,71,123,174,194,204],"multi-view":[32,72,124,205],"imaging":[33,73,125,128,131,182],"whereas":[34],"newer":[35],"computer":[40],"tomography":[41],"(CT)":[42],"features":[44],"3D":[45,79,99,127,130,176,181,196,220,238],"rotatable":[46],"images":[47,153],"(3D":[48],"imaging).":[49],"Regulators,":[50],"operators":[52],"and":[53,60,175,195,211],"providers":[55],"currently":[56,201],"discuss":[57],"whether":[58,151],"extensive":[59,210],"specific":[61,134,212],"training":[62,213],"necessary":[64],"for":[65,98],"screeners":[66,120,147,200],"who":[67],"used":[69],"to":[70,82,149,193,214,230],"before":[74],"they":[75],"start":[76],"working":[77,202],"imaging.":[80,100,177,197,221,239],"Moreover,":[81],"facilitate":[83],"decision":[85],"making":[86],"screeners,":[88],"so":[89],"called":[90],"on-screen":[91,135],"alarm":[92,136],"resolution":[93,137],"protocols":[94],"(OSARP)":[95],"available":[97],"However,":[101],"their":[102],"effectiveness":[103],"has":[104,227],"not":[105,208],"been":[106],"investigated":[107],"yet.":[108],"To":[109],"address":[110],"these":[111],"issues,":[112],"we":[113],"compared":[114,192],"visual":[116],"inspection":[117,179],"performance":[118,171,190,218,235],"state-of-the-art":[122],"versus":[126,129],"following":[132,183],"a":[133,141],"protocol":[138],"(OSARP).":[139],"simulated":[142],"screening":[145],"task,":[146],"had":[148],"decide":[150],"contained":[154],"improvised":[156],"device":[158],"(IED)":[159],"or":[160],"not.":[161],"Results":[162],"showed":[163],"there":[165],"was":[166],"no":[167],"difference":[168],"(d`)":[172,191,236],"between":[173],"Visual":[178],"OSARP":[185,226],"resulted":[186],"higher":[188],"conclusion,":[199],"technology":[206],"do":[207],"need":[209],"achieve":[215],"comparable":[216],"The":[222],"application":[223],"potential":[229],"further":[231],"increase":[232],"screeners'":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
