{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2905638316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","title":"Leveraging a LiveNirtual/Constructive Testbed for the Evaluation of Moving Target Defenses","display_name":"Leveraging a LiveNirtual/Constructive Testbed for the Evaluation of Moving Target Defenses","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2905638316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","mag":"2905638316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015566502","display_name":"William M.S. Stout","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M.S. Stout","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035943481","display_name":"Brian Van Leeuwen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Van Leeuwen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051318197","display_name":"Vincent Urias","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincent E. Urias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007458002","display_name":"Julian Tuminaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Tuminaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039817726","display_name":"Spencer Schrock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer Schrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077529950","display_name":"Nomaan Dossaji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nomaan Dossaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.55115404,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8110588788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.729354739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.5650254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5553692579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49792957305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attack-surface","display_name":"Attack surface","score":0.4843907952308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4662771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.4543352723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.4453330636024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.4424998164176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.42894434928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdiction","display_name":"Interdiction","score":0.42741304636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.4198465645313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.41733014583587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3372589647769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.21778997778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.12011906504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1160351037979126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8110588788986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.729354739189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.5650254487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5553692579269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49792957305908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776576444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303569","display_name":"Attack surface","level":2,"score":0.4843907952308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4662771224975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.4543352723121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.4453330636024475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.4424998164176941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.42894434928894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124119293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046081","display_name":"Interdiction","level":2,"score":0.42741304636001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.4198465645313263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.41733014583587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3372589647769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.21778997778892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.12011906504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1160351037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2018.8585478","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41015297","https://openalex.org/W107867273","https://openalex.org/W270234110","https://openalex.org/W2029418637","https://openalex.org/W2034144210","https://openalex.org/W2050315535","https://openalex.org/W2059966511","https://openalex.org/W2125806346","https://openalex.org/W2158823026","https://openalex.org/W2211361389","https://openalex.org/W2317543246","https://openalex.org/W2553733554","https://openalex.org/W2563476648","https://openalex.org/W2573831620","https://openalex.org/W2746178097","https://openalex.org/W3150624049","https://openalex.org/W6601641436","https://openalex.org/W6604330103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011893084","https://openalex.org/W878290859","https://openalex.org/W3129432682","https://openalex.org/W2043774727","https://openalex.org/W325242609","https://openalex.org/W2092143804","https://openalex.org/W21922278","https://openalex.org/W4353003365","https://openalex.org/W1481188117","https://openalex.org/W3148407980"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversary":[0],"sophistication":[1],"in":[2,41,111,137,153],"the":[3,17,19,46,57,70,73,108,122,138,145,150,161,180,200],"cyber":[4],"domain":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,50,125],"constantly":[8],"growing":[9],"threat.":[10],"As":[11],"more":[12],"systems":[13,43,65,82],"become":[14],"accessible":[15],"from":[16],"Internet,":[18],"risk":[20],"of":[21,49,62,72,124,127,144,147,172,183,199],"breach,":[22],"exploitation,":[23,31],"and":[24,30,39,60,68,88,98,113,155,165,175,186],"malice":[25],"grows.":[26],"To":[27],"thwart":[28],"reconnaissance":[29],"Moving":[32],"Target":[33],"Defense":[34],"(MTD)":[35],"has":[36,133,159],"been":[37,134],"researched":[38],"deployed":[40],"various":[42],"to":[44,55],"modify":[45],"threat":[47],"surface":[48],"system.":[51],"Tools":[52],"are":[53],"necessary":[54],"analyze":[56],"security,":[58],"reliability,":[59],"resilience":[61],"their":[63],"information":[64],"against":[66],"cyber-attack":[67],"measure":[69],"effectiveness":[71],"MTD":[74,128,184,201],"technologies.":[75,129],"Today's":[76],"security":[77],"analyses":[78],"utilize":[79],"(1)":[80],"real":[81],"such":[83],"as":[84],"computers,":[85],"network":[86,90],"routers,":[87],"other":[89],"equipment;":[91],"(2)":[92],"computer":[93],"emulations":[94],"(e.g.,":[95],"virtual":[96],"machines);":[97],"(3)":[99],"simulation":[100],"models":[101],"separately.":[102],"In":[103],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"we":[106,178],"describe":[107],"progress":[109],"made":[110],"developing":[112],"utilizing":[114],"hybrid":[115,170],"Live,":[116],"Virtual,":[117],"Constructive":[118],"(LVC)":[119],"environments":[120,171],"for":[121,163],"evaluation":[123],"set":[126],"The":[130],"LVC":[131,164],"methodology":[132],"most":[135],"rooted":[136],"Modeling":[139],"&":[140],"Simulation":[141],"(MS)":[142],"work":[143],"Department":[146],"Defense.":[148],"With":[149],"recent":[151],"advances":[152],"virtualization":[154],"software-defined":[156],"networking,":[157],"Sandia":[158],"taken":[160],"blueprint":[162],"extended":[166],"it":[167],"by":[168],"crafting":[169],"simulation,":[173],"emulation,":[174],"human-in-the-loop.":[176],"Furthermore,":[177],"discuss":[179],"empirical":[181],"analysis":[182],"technologies":[185],"approaches":[187],"with":[188],"LVC-based":[189],"experimentation,":[190],"incorporating":[191],"aspects":[192],"that":[193],"may":[194],"impact":[195],"an":[196],"operational":[197],"deployment":[198],"under":[202],"evaluation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
