{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2773758926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","title":"Computational optical physical unclonable functions","display_name":"Computational optical physical unclonable functions","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2773758926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","mag":"2773758926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1432318","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109361320","display_name":"Gabriel C. Birch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel C. Birch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029134931","display_name":"Bryana Lynn Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryana L. Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072238802","display_name":"Charles F. LaCasse","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles F. LaCasse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041442125","display_name":"Jaclynn J. Stubbs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaclynn J. Stubbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087564775","display_name":"Amber L. Dagel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5882-1640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber L. Dagel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109361320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71508056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7463757395744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-unclonable-function","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","score":0.634044885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.477007657289505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4345102906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39294907450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3711853623390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3234395980834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2481701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1766969859600067}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7463757395744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8643368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4046262","display_name":"Physical unclonable function","level":3,"score":0.634044885635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.477007657289505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4345102906227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39294907450675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3711853623390198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3234395980834961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2481701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1766969859600067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2017.8167828","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1432318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1432318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1432318","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1432318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332369","display_name":"National Nuclear Security Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/03sk1we31"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124944822","https://openalex.org/W1041448791","https://openalex.org/W1248809692","https://openalex.org/W1544396420","https://openalex.org/W1936062343","https://openalex.org/W1968261083","https://openalex.org/W1983194217","https://openalex.org/W2015833265","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2123482651","https://openalex.org/W2124874986","https://openalex.org/W2129004891","https://openalex.org/W2130744035","https://openalex.org/W2151970239","https://openalex.org/W2153885989","https://openalex.org/W2160732418","https://openalex.org/W2294690908","https://openalex.org/W2338600608","https://openalex.org/W2468336054","https://openalex.org/W2499720122","https://openalex.org/W2601232692","https://openalex.org/W2617543038","https://openalex.org/W4214670354","https://openalex.org/W6679159869","https://openalex.org/W6697419950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386278306","https://openalex.org/W2594513438","https://openalex.org/W2010558539","https://openalex.org/W2580259249","https://openalex.org/W3096667951","https://openalex.org/W3038784943","https://openalex.org/W2158224665","https://openalex.org/W4288068867","https://openalex.org/W102880045","https://openalex.org/W2379589510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"unclonable":[1],"functions":[2],"(PUFs)":[3],"are":[4,7],"devices":[5],"which":[6,149],"easily":[8],"probed":[9],"but":[10],"difficult":[11,44],"to":[12,45,68,108,162,173,207,218],"predict.":[13],"Optical":[14],"PUFs":[15,25,211,222,227],"have":[16,170],"been":[17],"discussed":[18],"within":[19],"the":[20,79,106,121,129,142,185,196],"literature,":[21],"with":[22,72],"traditional":[23,73],"optical":[24,59,74,87,101,210],"typically":[26],"using":[27,114,212],"spatial":[28],"light":[29],"modulators,":[30],"coherent":[31],"illumination,":[32],"and":[33,43,53,65,82,157,164,236,238,242],"scattering":[34],"volumes;":[35],"however,":[36],"these":[37,70],"systems":[38],"can":[39],"be":[40,229],"large,":[41],"expensive,":[42],"maintain":[46],"alignment":[47],"in":[48,195,223],"practical":[49],"conditions.":[50],"We":[51,104,135],"propose":[52],"demonstrate":[54,105],"a":[55,112,115,160,180],"new":[56,219],"kind":[57],"of":[58,84,117,123,128,179,187,221],"PUF":[60,88,138,197],"based":[61],"on":[62],"computational":[63,86,213],"imaging":[64],"compressive":[66,124],"sensing":[67],"address":[69],"challenges":[71],"PUFs.":[75],"This":[76,175,215],"work":[77],"describes":[78],"design,":[80],"simulation,":[81],"prototyping":[83],"this":[85],"(COPUF)":[89],"that":[90,169,203],"utilizes":[91],"incoherent":[92],"polychromatic":[93],"illumination":[94],"passing":[95],"through":[96,111],"an":[97],"additively":[98],"manufactured":[99],"refracting":[100],"polymer":[102],"element.":[103],"ability":[107],"pass":[109],"information":[110],"COPUF":[113,130,143,147,189],"variety":[116],"sampling":[118],"methods,":[119],"including":[120],"use":[122],"sensing.":[125],"The":[126,145],"sensitivity":[127],"system":[131],"is":[132,155,205],"also":[133],"explored.":[134],"explore":[136],"non-traditional":[137],"configurations":[139],"enabled":[140],"by":[141],"architecture.":[144],"double":[146],"system,":[148],"employees":[150],"two":[151,167],"serially":[152],"connected":[153],"COPUFs,":[154],"proposed":[156],"analyzed":[158],"as":[159,232,240],"means":[161],"authenticate":[163],"communicate":[165],"between":[166],"entities":[168],"previously":[171],"agreed":[172],"communicate.":[174],"configuration":[176],"enables":[177],"estimation":[178],"message":[181],"inversion":[182,190],"key":[183],"without":[184],"calculation":[186],"individual":[188],"keys":[191],"at":[192],"any":[193],"point":[194],"life":[198],"cycle.":[199],"Our":[200],"results":[201],"show":[202],"it":[204],"possible":[206],"construct":[208],"inexpensive":[209],"imaging.":[214],"could":[216],"lead":[217],"uses":[220],"places":[224],"where":[225],"electrical":[226],"cannot":[228],"utilized":[230],"effectively,":[231],"low":[233],"cost":[234],"tags":[235],"seals,":[237],"potentially":[239],"authenticating":[241],"communicating":[243],"devices.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
