{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2574211362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","title":"A novel long-range perimeter security sensor based on hybrid michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers","display_name":"A novel long-range perimeter security sensor based on hybrid michelson and Mach-Zehnder interferometers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2574211362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","mag":"2574211362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103626618","display_name":"Keith Harman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151185","display_name":"Senstar (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gptps55","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151185"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Harman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senstar Corporation, Carp, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senstar Corporation, Carp, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022071392","display_name":"Shailesh Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3521-3917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151185","display_name":"Senstar (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gptps55","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151185"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Senstar Corporation, Carp, Ontario, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Senstar Corporation, Carp, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151185"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82804104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.7507947683334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mach\u2013zehnder-interferometer","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","score":0.6569050550460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5940614938735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/michelson-interferometer","display_name":"Michelson interferometer","score":0.5775305032730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.543775737285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5394068956375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astronomical-interferometer","display_name":"Astronomical interferometer","score":0.5330259799957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.4337575435638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4304279088973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-time-domain-reflectometer","display_name":"Optical time-domain reflectometer","score":0.4295113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3308832049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-splitter","display_name":"Fiber optic splitter","score":0.321286141872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.26751020550727844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.7507947683334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12296473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621727","display_name":"Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometer","level":3,"score":0.6569050550460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5940614938735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9809166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733088","display_name":"Michelson interferometer","level":3,"score":0.5775305032730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.543775737285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5394068956375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23576306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17004698","display_name":"Astronomical interferometer","level":3,"score":0.5330259799957275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.4337575435638428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4304279088973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187327482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580729","display_name":"Optical time-domain reflectometer","level":5,"score":0.4295113980770111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3308832049369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146199129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5446365","display_name":"Fiber optic splitter","level":4,"score":0.321286141872406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.26751020550727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151281612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984839520","https://openalex.org/W1991582536","https://openalex.org/W113911013","https://openalex.org/W2051085743","https://openalex.org/W2326862673","https://openalex.org/W2046626354","https://openalex.org/W1999497846","https://openalex.org/W1675046946","https://openalex.org/W1464877452","https://openalex.org/W2943619740"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,29,32,36,69,76,79,85,109,114,146,161,173,180,186,190,196,200,204,217,221,225,233,236,239,253],"past":[2],"25":[3],"years":[4],"a":[5,42,72,118,129,152],"number":[6,43],"of":[7,31,44,71,78,113,136,145,179,189,195,203,216,238,261],"fiber":[8,33,45,218],"optic":[9,46],"sensors":[10,24,47,52],"have":[11],"been":[12],"developed":[13],"to":[14,84,184,206,231,251,256,276],"address":[15],"fence":[16],"and":[17,20,56,89,125,138,155,172,175,220,273,289],"buried":[18],"perimeters,":[19],"pipeline":[21],"security.":[22],"Today,":[23],"that":[25,48,159],"locate":[26,49,232],"targets":[27,50],"along":[28,235,268],"length":[30,237],"sensor":[34,181,197,205,240],"dominate":[35],"long-range":[37],"perimeter":[38],"market.":[39],"There":[40],"are":[41,182],"including":[51],"based":[53,74],"on":[54,75,143],"interferometry":[55],"C-OTDR":[57,287],"(Coherent":[58],"Optical":[59],"Time":[60],"Domain":[61],"Reflectometry).":[62],"In":[63],"general,":[64],"existing":[65],"interferometric":[66,115,278],"techniques":[67],"infer":[68],"location":[70],"disturbance":[73,194,234],"magnitude":[77,135],"interfering":[80,147,191],"signals,":[81],"as":[82,101],"opposed":[83],"actual":[86,110],"phase":[87,111,177,187,201,209,227],"differences,":[88],"critically":[90,141],"suffer":[91],"from":[92,213],"polarization":[93,144,257],"induced":[94,258],"fading.":[95,259],"A":[96,193],"novel":[97,263],"technology":[98,121,150,264,281],"is":[99,122,169,211,229,245],"developed,":[100],"discussed":[102],"in":[103,247],"Optellios'":[104],"earlier":[105],"patent,":[106],"which":[107],"measures":[108],"difference":[112,188,202],"signal.":[116],"As":[117],"result,":[119],"this":[120,262],"more":[123],"accurate":[124],"precise":[126],"for":[127],"locating":[128],"disturbance,":[130,137],"works":[131],"well":[132],"with":[133,269,286],"any":[134],"does":[139],"not":[140],"depend":[142],"signals.":[148,192],"The":[149,166,242],"uses":[151],"hybrid":[153],"Michelson":[154,243],"Mach-Zehnder":[156],"interferometer":[157,244],"architecture":[158],"shares":[160],"same":[162],"two":[163,226],"sensing":[164],"fibers.":[165],"laser":[167],"light":[168],"frequency":[170],"modulated,":[171],"In-phase":[174],"Quadrature":[176],"responses":[178],"measured":[183,212],"extract":[185],"cable":[198],"causes":[199],"change.":[207],"This":[208,280],"change":[210],"each":[214],"end":[215],"sensor,":[219],"time":[222],"delay":[223],"between":[224],"signals":[228],"used":[230],"cable.":[241],"terminated":[246],"Faraday":[248],"Rotational":[249],"Mirrors":[250],"avoid":[252],"issues":[254],"relating":[255],"Fundamentals":[260],"will":[265,282,292],"be":[266,283,293],"presented":[267],"its":[270],"relative":[271],"performance":[272],"merits":[274],"compared":[275,285],"other":[277],"technologies.":[279],"further":[284],"technology,":[288],"experimental":[290],"data":[291],"discussed.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}