{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2571780449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","title":"On the evaluation of human ratings for signature recognition","display_name":"On the evaluation of human ratings for signature recognition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2571780449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","mag":"2571780449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090685024","display_name":"Derlin Morocho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118946981","display_name":"Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE","ror":"https://ror.org/05j136930","country_code":"EC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["EC","ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derlin Morocho","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","Departamento de El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed Ecuador"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de El\u00e9ctrica y Electr\u00f3nica, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Sangolqu\u00ed Ecuador","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118946981"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056531316","display_name":"Javier Hernandez\u2010Ortega","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-3900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Hernandez-Ortega","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083125799","display_name":"Aythami Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7268-4785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aythami Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081385","display_name":"Juli\u00e1n Fi\u00e9rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6343-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Fierrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078069400","display_name":"Javier Ortega-Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0557-1948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63634437","display_name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/01cby8j38","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Ortega-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATVS-Biometric Recognition Group, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63634437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73492286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.8873653411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7883343696594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6980084776878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4945618808269501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3988412916660309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37412410974502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.36496078968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.36101555824279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35298049449920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1838284730911255}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.8873653411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7883343696594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980084776878357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4945618808269501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3988412916660309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37412410974502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.36496078968048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.36101555824279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35298049449920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1838284730911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2016.7815681","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989262315","https://openalex.org/W2055925964","https://openalex.org/W2106285096","https://openalex.org/W2106351828","https://openalex.org/W2129045960","https://openalex.org/W2131991463","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2151401338","https://openalex.org/W2323637295","https://openalex.org/W2406386547","https://openalex.org/W2485722245","https://openalex.org/W2529690827","https://openalex.org/W6676288361","https://openalex.org/W6679412434","https://openalex.org/W6727989318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114","https://openalex.org/W4286908577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,8,17,21,52,66,74,98,108,134,138,143,150],"human":[4,60,124,146],"ability":[5],"to":[6,15,35,64,71,101,107,118],"recognize":[7],"authenticity":[9,54],"of":[10,23,55,68,73,111,145],"signatures.":[11],"We":[12,30],"use":[13],"crowdsourcing":[14],"analyze":[16,65],"different":[18,32,36],"factors":[19],"affecting":[20],"performance":[22,67,152],"humans":[24,69],"without":[25,42],"Forensic":[26,43],"Document":[27,44],"Examiner":[28,45],"experience.":[29],"present":[31],"experiments":[33,80],"according":[34,70],"scenarios":[37,75],"in":[38,127],"which":[39],"laymen,":[40],"people":[41],"experience,":[46],"provide":[47],"similarity":[48],"measures":[49],"related":[50],"with":[51,104,113],"perceived":[53],"a":[56,155],"given":[57],"signature.":[58],"The":[59,79,95,120],"responses":[61,89],"are":[62,130],"used":[63],"each":[72],"and":[76,88,137,153,154],"main":[77],"factors.":[78],"comprise":[81],"240":[82],"signatures":[83],"from":[84,90,116],"BiosecurlD":[85],"public":[86],"database":[87],"more":[91],"than":[92],"400":[93],"people.":[94],"results":[96,121],"shows":[97],"difficulties":[99],"associated":[100],"these":[102],"tasks,":[103],"special":[105],"attention":[106],"false":[109],"acceptance":[110],"forgeries":[112],"rates":[114],"ranging":[115],"50%":[117],"75%.":[119],"suggest":[122],"that":[123],"recognition":[125],"abilities":[126],"this":[128],"scenario":[129],"strongly":[131],"dependent":[132],"on":[133],"characteristics":[135],"considered":[136],"signature":[139,158],"at":[140],"hand.":[141],"Finally":[142],"combination":[144],"ratings":[147],"clearly":[148],"outperfoms":[149],"individual":[151],"state-of-the-art":[156],"automatic":[157],"verification":[159],"system.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}