{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2328440980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","title":"Preventing real-world relay attacks on contactless devices","display_name":"Preventing real-world relay attacks on contactless devices","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2328440980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","mag":"2328440980"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041953540","display_name":"Martin Henzl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Henzl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008969416","display_name":"Petr Han\u00e1\u010dek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5507-0768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petr Hanacek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037597916","display_name":"Matej Kacic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60587646","display_name":"Brno University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03613d656","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matej Kacic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Systems, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60587646"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"765","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.8564749956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7018454074859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5672370195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.5189118981361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5045446157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.4912061095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4537626802921295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.43825453519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4294522702693939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34408867359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13758742809295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11211669445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07428938150405884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.8564749956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7018454074859619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5672370195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5189118981361389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5045446157455444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.4912061095237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4537626802921295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.43825453519821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4294522702693939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34408867359161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13758742809295654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11211669445037842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07428938150405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987031","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543653153","https://openalex.org/W1632109869","https://openalex.org/W1966908214","https://openalex.org/W2103402515","https://openalex.org/W3028895824","https://openalex.org/W3029679626","https://openalex.org/W6632367441","https://openalex.org/W6675669195","https://openalex.org/W6777912630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W2539674285","https://openalex.org/W2362741838","https://openalex.org/W1038122923","https://openalex.org/W1998322187","https://openalex.org/W2952514781","https://openalex.org/W622044715","https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2240536652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,89,178],"paper":[1],"is":[2,57,91,109,121],"focused":[3],"on":[4,8,36],"preventing":[5],"relay":[6,153],"attacks":[7,22,71,209],"contactless":[9,13],"devices,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"smart":[14,168],"cards":[15],"or":[16],"Near-Field":[17],"Communication":[18],"(NFC)":[19],"devices.":[20],"Relay":[21],"can":[23,146],"be":[24,127,142],"prevented":[25],"by":[26,83,93,155,219],"the":[27,38,54,60,66,80,84,97,107,115,130,138,148,152,157,164,167,172,181,187,193,198,216,220,231],"so":[28],"called":[29],"distance":[30,63,113,199],"bounding":[31,46,200],"protocols,":[32],"which":[33],"are":[34,72,132],"based":[35],"restricting":[37],"round":[39],"trip":[40],"time":[41,55,150,189,194,221],"to":[42,79,102,162,185,206,230],"some":[43,124],"limit.":[44],"Distance":[45],"protocols":[47],"protect":[48],"against":[49],"all":[50],"theoretical":[51],"attacks,":[52],"because":[53],"limit":[56,195],"calculated":[58],"from":[59,65,166],"maximal":[61],"allowed":[62],"and":[64,75,99,190],"speed":[67],"of":[68,117],"light.":[69],"Real-world":[70],"not":[73,191],"perfect":[74],"induce":[76,211],"additional":[77],"delay":[78,81,90,140,217],"caused":[82,92,218],"signal":[85,98],"travelling":[86,222],"longer":[87,214,223],"distance.":[88,224],"hardware":[94],"components":[95],"processing":[96],"sending":[100],"it":[101,120],"a":[103,112,183,204,228],"different":[104],"location.":[105],"If":[106,129],"communication":[108],"relayed":[110],"over":[111,134],"exceeding":[114],"range":[116],"one":[118],"transmitter,":[119],"likely":[122],"that":[123,210],"buffering":[125],"will":[126,141],"used.":[128],"data":[131],"sent":[133],"network":[135],"using":[136],"TCP/IP,":[137],"induced":[139],"significant.":[143],"The":[144],"attacker":[145,182],"reduce":[147,186],"response":[149,165],"in":[151,160,197],"attack":[154],"overclocking":[156],"forged":[158],"reader":[159,174],"order":[161],"get":[163,176],"card":[169],"faster":[170],"than":[171,215],"legitimate":[173],"would":[175,179],"it.":[177],"give":[180],"chance":[184],"roundtrip":[188],"exceed":[192],"defined":[196],"protocol.":[201],"We":[202,225],"propose":[203],"method":[205],"prevent":[207],"real-world":[208],"delays":[212],"significantly":[213],"also":[226],"show":[227],"countermeasure":[229],"oveclocking":[232],"attacks.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}