{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2321550013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","title":"A novel background subtraction method based on color invariants and grayscale levels","display_name":"A novel background subtraction method based on color invariants and grayscale levels","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2321550013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","mag":"2321550013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010742462","display_name":"Lorena Guachi\u2010Guachi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-8150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorena Guachi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032249162","display_name":"G. Cocorullo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9133-0774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Cocorullo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003003043","display_name":"Pasquale Corsonello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-1110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Corsonello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011214102","display_name":"Fabio Frustaci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5795-4321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabio Frustaci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074662921","display_name":"Stefania Perri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1363-9201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Perri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics Modeling, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.8399183750152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.8018336892127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7554585933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7322234511375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6779541373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6742597818374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6587488055229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4782732427120209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4423466622829437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-quantization","display_name":"Color quantization","score":0.4385238289833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2889673113822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.2568487524986267}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.8399183750152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.8018336892127991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7554585933685303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7322234511375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6779541373252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6742597818374634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6587488055229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4782732427120209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4423466622829437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173752661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1396414","display_name":"Color quantization","level":5,"score":0.4385238289833069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2889673113822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.2568487524986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccst.2014.6987024","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology (ICCST)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1752870650","https://openalex.org/W2006946631","https://openalex.org/W2027945172","https://openalex.org/W2057499409","https://openalex.org/W2065870102","https://openalex.org/W2093986007","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2111918405","https://openalex.org/W2119664956","https://openalex.org/W2123340620","https://openalex.org/W2127070222","https://openalex.org/W2149354762","https://openalex.org/W2158604775","https://openalex.org/W2284239051","https://openalex.org/W2296249689","https://openalex.org/W4248936881","https://openalex.org/W4252813286","https://openalex.org/W6695621245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2427283480","https://openalex.org/W1691631808","https://openalex.org/W1586320973","https://openalex.org/W2792489537","https://openalex.org/W2919511482","https://openalex.org/W2962819983","https://openalex.org/W3169734547","https://openalex.org/W4310175020","https://openalex.org/W2078566741","https://openalex.org/W2562072950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,47,56,68,109],"new":[4,90],"method":[5,23,107],"for":[6,34,88,127],"background":[7,62,85],"subtraction":[8],"which":[9,43],"takes":[10],"advantages":[11],"of":[12,58,121],"using":[13,67],"the":[14,40,51,59,105,119],"color":[15,41],"invariants":[16],"combined":[17],"with":[18],"gray":[19,52],"color.":[20],"The":[21,61,92],"proposed":[22,106],"works":[24],"robustly":[25],"reducing":[26],"misclassified":[27],"foreground":[28,126],"objects.":[29],"Gaussian":[30],"mixtures":[31],"are":[32,44],"exploited":[33],"each":[35,84,89],"pixel":[36,86,122],"through":[37],"two":[38],"channels:":[39],"invariants,":[42],"derived":[45],"from":[46],"physical":[48],"model,":[49],"and":[50,117,130],"colors":[53],"obtained":[54],"as":[55,125],"descriptor":[57],"image.":[60],"models":[63],"update":[64,83],"is":[65,79,112],"performed":[66],"random":[69],"process":[70],"selected":[71],"considering":[72],"that":[73],"in":[74],"many":[75],"practical":[76],"situations":[77],"it":[78],"not":[80],"necessary":[81],"to":[82,98,115],"model":[87],"frame.":[91],"novel":[93],"algorithm":[94],"has":[95],"been":[96],"compared":[97],"three":[99],"state-of-the-art":[100],"methods.":[101],"Experimental":[102],"results":[103],"demonstrate":[104],"achieves":[108],"higher":[110],"robustness,":[111],"less":[113],"sensitive":[114],"noise":[116],"increases":[118],"number":[120],"correctly":[123],"classified":[124],"both":[128],"indoor":[129],"outdoor":[131],"video":[132],"sequences.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}