{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7127652612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535","title":"Assessing the Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Digital Twin Metrics: An Experimental Study","display_name":"Assessing the Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Digital Twin Metrics: An Experimental Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7127652612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122929411","display_name":"Marco Picone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Picone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125081855","display_name":"Erwan Bouquillon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177064439","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1bsr36","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177064439"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253280","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe","ror":"https://ror.org/00g700j37","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erwan Bouquillon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Bourgogne Europe,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Bourgogne Europe,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177064439","https://openalex.org/I4405253280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121400711","display_name":"Marcello Pietri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcello Pietri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122930766","display_name":"Marco Mamei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","display_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","ror":"https://ror.org/02d4c4y02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Mamei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122929411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38267233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.39340001344680786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.39340001344680786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.22429999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.21690000593662262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.33629998564720154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6870999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6452000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6227999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.5128999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.4165000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113364801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26674","display_name":"High fidelity","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189656","display_name":"Disinformation","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc65079.2026.11366535","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 23rd Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1395690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11380/1395690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196326","display_name":"Iris Unimore (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6264064311981201}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170020907","https://openalex.org/W1971673042","https://openalex.org/W2804780212","https://openalex.org/W2982936646","https://openalex.org/W3036600965","https://openalex.org/W4210446628","https://openalex.org/W4225657853","https://openalex.org/W4366085638","https://openalex.org/W4392904593","https://openalex.org/W4393972597","https://openalex.org/W4402811522","https://openalex.org/W4403060767","https://openalex.org/W4407575443","https://openalex.org/W4407900223","https://openalex.org/W4409563344","https://openalex.org/W4412987220"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Digital":[0,93],"Twins":[1],"(DTs)":[2],"are":[3],"increasingly":[4],"adopted":[5],"in":[6,85,121],"Internet":[7],"of":[8,17,42],"Things":[9],"(IoT)":[10],"systems":[11],"to":[12,26],"provide":[13],"real-time":[14],"virtual":[15],"representations":[16],"physical":[18],"assets.":[19],"Their":[20],"growing":[21],"interconnectivity,":[22],"however,":[23],"exposes":[24],"them":[25],"cybersecurity":[27],"threats":[28],"that":[29,80,89],"can":[30],"compromise":[31],"fidelity":[32],"and":[33,46,55,65,73,88,118],"reliability.":[34],"This":[35],"work-in-progress":[36],"study":[37],"evaluates":[38],"how":[39],"representative":[40],"attacks\u2014Denial":[41],"Service,":[43],"packet":[44],"loss,":[45],"message":[47],"manipulation\u2014affect":[48],"DT":[49,71],"operational":[50],"metrics:":[51],"timeliness,":[52],"reliability,":[53],"availability,":[54],"consistency.":[56],"Using":[57],"a":[58,90,111],"simulation":[59],"framework":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62,99],"NS-3,":[63],"MQTT,":[64],"Eclipse":[66],"Ditto,":[67],"we":[68],"emulate":[69],"realistic":[70],"environments":[72],"quantify":[74],"the":[75],"resulting":[76],"degradations.":[77],"Results":[78],"show":[79],"cyber-attacks":[81],"leave":[82],"measurable":[83],"deviations":[84],"these":[86],"metrics,":[87],"revised":[91],"Overall":[92],"Twin":[94],"Entanglement":[95],"(ODTE)":[96],"score":[97],"calibrated":[98],"normal":[100],"operation":[101],"effectively":[102],"amplifies":[103],"such":[104],"anomalies.":[105],"Metric-based":[106],"observability":[107],"thus":[108],"emerges":[109],"as":[110],"lightweight,":[112],"non-intrusive":[113],"approach":[114],"for":[115],"early":[116],"detection":[117],"resilience":[119],"assessment":[120],"DT-enabled":[122],"infrastructures.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2026-02-06T00:00:00"}