{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208943133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","title":"Energy-aware optimization of UAV base stations placement via decentralized multi-agent Q-learning","display_name":"Energy-aware optimization of UAV base stations placement via decentralized multi-agent Q-learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208943133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","mag":"3208943133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications &amp; Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076678995","display_name":"Babatunji Omoniwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3508-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babatunji Omoniwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011858592","display_name":"Boris Galkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-7781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Galkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059738292","display_name":"Ivana Duspari\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-5400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivana Dusparic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Connect Centre, School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96876749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"216","last_page":"222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7707061767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7609803676605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6463141441345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.5277952551841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5238847136497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5218436121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4587029218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4447675347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.43296343088150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4194853901863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39488235116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20177960395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1253502368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11690405011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11602059006690979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7707061767578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7609803676605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6463141441345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.5277952551841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5238847136497498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5218436121940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4587029218673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4447675347328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.43296343088150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4194853901863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39488235116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20177960395812988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1253502368927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11690405011177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11602059006690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc49033.2022.9700536","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 19th Annual Consumer Communications &amp; Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486567653","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1596727164","https://openalex.org/W1641379095","https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2289204537","https://openalex.org/W2346155518","https://openalex.org/W2604830243","https://openalex.org/W2609053064","https://openalex.org/W2886509985","https://openalex.org/W2888296316","https://openalex.org/W2925554975","https://openalex.org/W2944478701","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963569053","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2964134356","https://openalex.org/W2969525674","https://openalex.org/W2989005460","https://openalex.org/W2994483319","https://openalex.org/W2998280308","https://openalex.org/W3091732202","https://openalex.org/W3105288790","https://openalex.org/W3188093371","https://openalex.org/W4287647051","https://openalex.org/W6783788718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W20361778","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4210343411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,5],"vehicles":[2],"serving":[3,102],"as":[4],"base":[6],"stations":[7],"(UAV-BSs)":[8],"can":[9],"be":[10],"deployed":[11],"to":[12,16,35,59,73],"provide":[13],"wireless":[14],"connectivity":[15,128],"ground":[17,104,131,157],"devices":[18,132,158],"in":[19,26,96,150],"events":[20],"of":[21,39,63,77,129,155,163],"increased":[22],"network":[23,98],"demand,":[24],"points-of-failure":[25],"existing":[27],"infrastructure,":[28],"or":[29],"disasters.":[30],"However,":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33,71,94,119],"challenging":[34],"conserve":[36],"the":[37,78,82,127,142,147,153,160,164],"energy":[38,61,136,161],"UAVs":[40,101],"during":[41],"prolonged":[42],"coverage":[43],"tasks,":[44],"considering":[45],"their":[46],"limited":[47],"on-board":[48],"battery":[49],"capacity.":[50],"Reinforcement":[51],"learning-based":[52],"(RL)":[53],"approaches":[54,149],"have":[55,74],"been":[56],"previously":[57],"used":[58],"improve":[60],"utilization":[62,162],"multiple":[64],"UAVs,":[65],"however,":[66],"a":[67,112],"central":[68],"cloud":[69],"controller":[70,83],"assumed":[72],"complete":[75],"knowledge":[76],"end-devices&#x2019;":[79],"locations,":[80],"i.e.,":[81],"periodically":[84],"scans":[85],"and":[86,159],"sends":[87],"updates":[88],"for":[89],"UAV":[90],"decision-making.":[91],"This":[92],"assumption":[93],"impractical":[95],"dynamic":[97],"environments":[99],"with":[100,121],"mobile":[103,130],"devices.":[105],"To":[106],"address":[107],"this":[108],"problem,":[109],"we":[110],"propose":[111],"decentralized":[113],"Q-learning":[114],"approach,":[115],"where":[116],"each":[117],"UAVBS":[118],"equipped":[120],"an":[122],"autonomous":[123],"agent":[124],"that":[125,141],"maximizes":[126],"while":[133],"improving":[134],"its":[135],"utilization.":[137],"Experimental":[138],"results":[139],"show":[140],"proposed":[143],"design":[144],"significantly":[145],"outperforms":[146],"centralized":[148],"jointly":[151],"maximizing":[152],"number":[154],"connected":[156],"UAV-BSs.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
