{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2918594984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","title":"Accessibility for the Visually Impaired: State of the Art and Open Issues","display_name":"Accessibility for the Visually Impaired: State of the Art and Open Issues","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2918594984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","mag":"2918594984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058801084","display_name":"Ombretta Gaggi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-7787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ombretta Gaggi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048914885","display_name":"Giacomo Quadrio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-8850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Quadrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036232005","display_name":"Armir Bujari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1955-7699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armir Bujari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \u201cTullio Levi-Civita\u201d, University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics \"Tullio Levi-Civita\", University of Padua, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058801084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94189562,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9649999737739563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-reader","display_name":"Screen reader","score":0.8133364915847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visually-impaired","display_name":"Visually impaired","score":0.7640010118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.7130408883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.7058121562004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.6830415725708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility-initiative","display_name":"Web Accessibility Initiative","score":0.63177490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6210591793060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-accessibility","display_name":"Web accessibility","score":0.5903964042663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5466745495796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.5063899755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"Visual impairment","score":0.49274566769599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-navigation","display_name":"Web navigation","score":0.44162222743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43831297755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4187377691268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-standards","display_name":"Web standards","score":0.38170379400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.33125537633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.25205400586128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-intelligence","display_name":"Web intelligence","score":0.18906620144844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.11712139844894409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778535757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328864","display_name":"Screen reader","level":3,"score":0.8133364915847778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020106864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visually impaired","level":2,"score":0.7640010118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.7130408883094788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.7058121562004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.6830415725708008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197973564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q636020","display_name":"Web Accessibility Initiative","level":5,"score":0.63177490234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6210591793060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194669863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808932","display_name":"Web accessibility","level":4,"score":0.5903964042663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5466745495796204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.5063899755477905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781372952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737460","display_name":"Visual impairment","level":2,"score":0.49274566769599915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61096286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978592","display_name":"Web navigation","level":3,"score":0.44162222743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43831297755241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4187377691268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182321512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1153289","display_name":"Web standards","level":3,"score":0.38170379400253296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.33125537633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.25205400586128235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544335954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553348","display_name":"Web intelligence","level":4,"score":0.18906620144844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11712139844894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2019.8651676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 16th IEEE Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/716515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/716515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3306227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3306227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196283","display_name":"Research Padua  Archive (University of Padua)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101073733","https://openalex.org/W1976208001","https://openalex.org/W1990178240","https://openalex.org/W2005062613","https://openalex.org/W2006350418","https://openalex.org/W2061639962","https://openalex.org/W2068293943","https://openalex.org/W2086397761","https://openalex.org/W2088301450","https://openalex.org/W2111732461","https://openalex.org/W2144882903","https://openalex.org/W2156757753","https://openalex.org/W2614312879","https://openalex.org/W2791162211","https://openalex.org/W2810889390","https://openalex.org/W6604173503","https://openalex.org/W6738059101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106946048","https://openalex.org/W188332989","https://openalex.org/W2977530075","https://openalex.org/W2949434637","https://openalex.org/W2101512165","https://openalex.org/W1482773953","https://openalex.org/W2918594984","https://openalex.org/W3043354086","https://openalex.org/W2787022499","https://openalex.org/W43136381"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"much":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"done":[4],"in":[5,25,99],"the":[6,10,49,52,55,67,79,101],"field":[7],"of":[8,48,51,54,57],"accessibility,":[9],"World":[11],"Wide":[12],"Web":[13],"is":[14,30,96],"not":[15],"yet":[16],"for":[17,33],"everyone.":[18],"Many":[19],"Internet":[20],"users":[21],"often":[22],"find":[23],"difficulties":[24],"navigating":[26,100],"web":[27,61,102],"pages.":[28],"This":[29],"particularly":[31],"true":[32],"people":[34,71],"with":[35,72,91],"visual":[36],"impairments":[37,74],"and":[38,63],"blind":[39,93],"people.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,82],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,84],"present":[45],"a":[46,92,104],"review":[47],"state":[50],"art":[53],"application":[56],"accessibility":[58],"rules":[59],"to":[60,81],"pages":[62],"describe":[64],"which":[65],"are":[66],"common":[68],"problems":[69],"that":[70],"sight":[73],"must":[75],"endure":[76],"when":[77],"surfing":[78],"Internet;":[80],"aim,":[83],"use":[85],"information":[86],"collected":[87],"during":[88],"an":[89,97],"interview":[90],"user":[94],"who":[95],"expert":[98],"using":[103],"screen":[105],"reader.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}