{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056155424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","title":"Improved feature representation for robust facial action unit detection","display_name":"Improved feature representation for robust facial action unit detection","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056155424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","mag":"2056155424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6488525","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 10th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6488525","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111297097","display_name":"Sumithra Velusamy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Velusamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044982683","display_name":"Viswanath Gopalakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7813-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Gopalakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108329471","display_name":"B. Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8624-9408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100281681","display_name":"Pratibha Moogi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4770-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Moogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055726807","display_name":"Binay Kumar Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4041-1213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Laboratory, Samsung Software Operation, Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SAIT India Lab., Samsung Software Oper. Ltd., Bangalore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5525,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71091603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"681","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7030006051063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6059454679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5998475551605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5614357590675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5313706398010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5031539797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4794139564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4531947374343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3344862461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14900454878807068}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7030006051063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6059454679489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5998475551605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5614357590675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5313706398010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5031539797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4794139564037323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4531947374343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3344862461090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14900454878807068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6488525","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 10th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccnc.2013.6488525","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6488525","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE 10th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34305967","https://openalex.org/W1992280180","https://openalex.org/W2102570318","https://openalex.org/W2110068575","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W3097096317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504288058","https://openalex.org/W2331674254","https://openalex.org/W2167293474","https://openalex.org/W3042897387","https://openalex.org/W2048505601","https://openalex.org/W2116675934","https://openalex.org/W2544359817","https://openalex.org/W4310007291","https://openalex.org/W2358403311","https://openalex.org/W2904596878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"a":[1,126,176],"Facial":[2],"Expression":[3],"Recognition":[4],"(FER)":[5],"system,":[6],"appropriate":[7,73],"representation":[8,157],"of":[9,22,33,37,46,57,112,144,166,184],"facial":[10,23,145,168],"features":[11,169],"from":[12],"relevant":[13],"face":[14],"regions":[15],"play":[16],"crucial":[17],"role":[18],"in":[19,117,129,170,175],"robust":[20,88],"detection":[21,178],"actions":[24],"units":[25],"(AUs)":[26],"under":[27,67],"realistic":[28,68],"conditions":[29],"like":[30,200],"wide":[31],"range":[32],"illumination":[34],"variations,":[35,43],"presence":[36],"tracking":[38],"errors,":[39],"inter":[40,131],"person":[41],"expression":[42],"partial":[44],"occlusion":[45],"faces,":[47],"etc.":[48],"this":[50],"work,":[51],"we":[52],"perform":[53],"an":[54,72,85,210],"in-depth":[55],"analysis":[56],"state-of-the-art":[58,191],"FER":[59],"techniques":[60,192],"to":[61],"further":[62],"understand":[63],"their":[64],"performance":[65,114,183],"gaps":[66,115],"conditions.":[69],"We":[70,104,180],"propose":[71],"Region":[74],"Of":[75],"Interest":[76],"(ROI)":[77],"selection":[78],"strategy":[79,122],"for":[80,101,158],"each":[81],"AU":[82,132],"and":[83,137,164,173,193,207],"also":[84,208],"appropriately":[86],"designed":[87],"Local":[89],"Binary":[90],"Pattern":[91],"(LBP)":[92],"based":[93,152],"descriptor":[94,154],"that":[95,106],"applies":[96],"spatially":[97],"spinning":[98],"bin":[99],"support":[100,151],"histogram":[102],"computation.":[103],"show":[105,194],"the":[107,139,142,167,182,185,189],"proposed":[108,149,186],"solutions":[109,187],"are":[110],"capable":[111],"addressing":[113],"seen":[116],"existing":[118],"approaches.":[119],"The":[120,148],"ROI":[121],"present":[123],"here":[124],"gives":[125],"better":[127,177],"trade-off":[128],"eliminating":[130],"correlations":[133],"while":[134],"modeling":[135],"AUs":[136,159],"minimizes":[138],"constraints":[140],"on":[141,197,209],"accuracy":[143],"feature":[146,153],"localization.":[147],"spin":[150],"provides":[155],"unique":[156],"by":[160],"encoding":[161],"both":[162],"appearance":[163],"geometry":[165],"its":[171],"description":[172],"results":[174],"accuracy.":[179],"compare":[181],"with":[188],"key":[190],"clear":[195],"improvement":[196],"benchmark":[198],"databases":[199],"CK+,":[201],"ISL,":[202],"FACS,":[203],"JAFFE,":[204],"MultiPie,":[205],"MindReading":[206],"internally":[211],"collected":[212],"real-world":[213],"data.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
