{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226360336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529","title":"Website Fingerprinting Attack Through Persistent Attack of Student","display_name":"Website Fingerprinting Attack Through Persistent Attack of Student","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226360336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligent Systems (CCIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087508224","display_name":"Zhenyan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389277","display_name":"Gang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-7041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024715914","display_name":"Zijiao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8079-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijiao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041767644","display_name":"Mingzhu Fang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhu Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081125176","display_name":"Qiyu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048039545","display_name":"Baolei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4542-3037"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baolei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou,China,450001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087508224"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2719,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6557142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7792980670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6383475065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5538745522499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4889775514602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.47906050086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4576420485973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4113209843635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3332942724227905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7792980670928955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6383475065231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5538745522499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4889775514602661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.47906050086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4576420485973358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4113209843635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3332942724227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccis53392.2021.9754529","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 7th International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligent Systems (CCIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2108217512","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2135579486","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2963704216","https://openalex.org/W3006007111","https://openalex.org/W3007224029","https://openalex.org/W3015249609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990081132","https://openalex.org/W4296984035","https://openalex.org/W3127121676","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Illegal":[0],"users":[1],"usually":[2],"use":[3],"Tor":[4],"to":[5,22],"hide":[6],"their":[7],"malicious":[8],"behavior":[9,25],"for":[10,89,128,189],"browsing":[11],"website.":[12],"Website":[13],"fingerprinting":[14,37],"(WF)":[15],"attack":[16,56,105,139,149,173,223],"can":[17,76,211,220],"help":[18,212],"local":[19,113],"network":[20,103],"administrator":[21],"prevent":[23],"illegal":[24],"of":[26,32,60,147,153,167,186],"anonymous":[27],"users.":[28],"Although":[29],"a":[30,53,98],"lot":[31],"researches":[33],"have":[34],"improved":[35],"website":[36],"attacks,":[38],"they":[39],"still":[40],"cannot":[41],"address":[42],"the":[43],"concept":[44,83,91,130,183,214],"drift":[45,84,92,131,184,215],"problem":[46],"effectively.":[47],"In":[48,94],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,96,117],"propose":[52],"novel":[54],"WF":[55,73,126,222],"framework,":[57],"Persistent":[58],"Attack":[59],"Student":[61],"(PAS),":[62],"by":[63,81,109],"integrating":[64],"self-training":[65],"mechanism":[66],"with":[67,86,106,121,143,175,224],"advanced":[68,123],"deep":[69,100,124,177,201],"learning":[70,125,178,202],"(DL)":[71],"related":[72],"attack.":[74,203],"PAS":[75,119,172,209],"train":[77],"new":[78,99],"DL":[79],"model":[80],"using":[82,110],"dataset":[85,185],"pseudo":[87],"label":[88],"alleviating":[90,129],"issue.":[93,132],"addition,":[95],"present":[97],"convolutional":[101],"neural":[102],"(DCNN)":[104],"stable":[107],"accuracy":[108,142],"automatic":[111],"and":[112,157,161,218],"feature":[114],"extraction.":[115],"Then,":[116],"evaluate":[118],"application":[120],"different":[122,176],"attacks":[127],"The":[133,171,204],"experimental":[134,205],"results":[135,206],"show":[136],"that":[137,208],"DCNN":[138,219],"achieves":[140,180],"96.50%-98.88%":[141],"0.7-0.8x":[144],"time":[145,226],"cost":[146,227],"DF":[148],"in":[150,164,182],"closed":[151],"world":[152,166],"95-900":[154],"monitored":[155,191],"websites,":[156,192],"reaches":[158],"96.32%":[159],"precision":[160],"96.31%":[162],"recall":[163],"open":[165],"400,000":[168],"unmonitored":[169],"websites.":[170],"framework":[174,210],"methods":[179],"87.56%-91.46%":[181],"56":[187],"days":[188],"200":[190],"which":[193],"is":[194],"2.27%":[195],"2.36%":[196],"better":[197],"than":[198],"each":[199],"original":[200],"demonstrate":[207],"alleviate":[213],"issue":[216],"effectively":[217],"perform":[221],"less":[225],"efficiently.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}