{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411800324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035","title":"Evaluating Energy Efficiency of Ai Accelerators Using Two Mlperf Benchmarks","display_name":"Evaluating Energy Efficiency of Ai Accelerators Using Two Mlperf Benchmarks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411800324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 25th International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038531735","display_name":"Farah Ferdaus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5510-6193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farah Ferdaus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072646801","display_name":"Xingfu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8150-5171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingfu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028916710","display_name":"Valerie Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6061-0191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division,Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060400468","display_name":"Zhiling Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1047-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiling Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago,Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092687426","display_name":"Sanjif Shanmugavelu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132883","display_name":"IQ Samh\u00e4llsbyggnad","ror":"https://ror.org/03knfbb08","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132883"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjif Shanmugavelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Groq Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Groq Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075500139","display_name":"Venkatram Vishwanath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7248-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatram Vishwanath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010928934","display_name":"Michael E. Papka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-5767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E. Papka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois Chicago,Argonne National Laboratory"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois Chicago,Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I157725225","https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9408,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96228141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"549","last_page":"558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6710593104362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5454912185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.430368036031723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.39520782232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3773387670516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1456262767314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14126786589622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12502053380012512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6710593104362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5454912185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.430368036031723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.39520782232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3773387670516968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1456262767314911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14126786589622498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12502053380012512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccgrid64434.2025.00035","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 25th International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Internet Computing (CCGrid)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95608104","https://openalex.org/W1663984431","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2525984666","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2837143805","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912012512","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2937307539","https://openalex.org/W2943162653","https://openalex.org/W2962914733","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2968923792","https://openalex.org/W2992192853","https://openalex.org/W2995435108","https://openalex.org/W3007788310","https://openalex.org/W3011495430","https://openalex.org/W3037032032","https://openalex.org/W3043273434","https://openalex.org/W3043374725","https://openalex.org/W3165066978","https://openalex.org/W3207981891","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4234556776","https://openalex.org/W4287204036","https://openalex.org/W4287864220","https://openalex.org/W4288090629","https://openalex.org/W4303647954","https://openalex.org/W4308090443","https://openalex.org/W4318603275","https://openalex.org/W4318603802","https://openalex.org/W4403961418","https://openalex.org/W4406164090","https://openalex.org/W6629510986","https://openalex.org/W6762287338","https://openalex.org/W6769540564","https://openalex.org/W6771656455","https://openalex.org/W6774150683","https://openalex.org/W6788966007","https://openalex.org/W6794426595","https://openalex.org/W6795301340","https://openalex.org/W6842315983","https://openalex.org/W6845834095"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90],"significantly":[1],"increasing":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,13,25,41,177],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(AI)":[7],"has":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,18,36,83,110,123],"the":[11,20,38,76,80,99,108,119,124,138,141,151,159,192,201,211,224],"availability":[12],"specialized":[14],"AI":[15,26,43,93,125],"accelerators,":[16],"aiming":[17],"enhance":[19],"performance":[21],"and":[22,60,72,92,121,148,150,173,181,195,207,220],"energy":[23,39,77,143,154,162,179,183,197,214],"efficiency":[24],"workloads.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"conduct":[32],"an":[33],"initial":[34],"study":[35],"evaluate":[37],"requirements":[40,78],"four":[42],"accelerators:":[44],"Nvidia":[45,171,189],"A100":[46,172,190],"GPUs,":[47],"Intel":[48,134,167],"Habana":[49],"Gaudi":[50],"Processing":[51,57,63],"Units":[52,58,64],"(HPUs),":[53],"Graphcore":[54,157,174,199],"Bow-Pod64":[55],"Intelligence":[56],"(IPUs),":[59],"GroqRack":[61],"Language":[62],"(LPUs)":[65],"using":[66],"two":[67,81],"popular":[68],"MLPerf":[69],"benchmarks:":[70],"BERT-Large":[71,187],"ResNet50.":[73],"We":[74,216],"report":[75],"for":[79,132,145,186],"benchmarks":[82,91],"achieve":[84],"a":[85],"common":[86],"MLPerfspecified":[87],"target":[88],"accuracy.":[89],"accelerators":[94],"were":[95],"chosen":[96],"based":[97],"on":[98],"following":[100],"criteria:":[101],"publicly":[102,114],"available":[103,115],"tools":[104],"or":[105],"libraries":[106],"from":[107,118],"vendors":[109],"monitor":[111],"power":[112],"consumption,":[113,180],"optimized":[116],"models":[117],"vendors,":[120],"access":[122],"accelerators.":[126],"Our":[127],"experimental":[128],"results":[129],"indicate":[130],"that":[131],"ResNet50,":[133],"Gaudi2":[135,168],"HPUs":[136],"delivered":[137],"highest":[139,152,160,202,212],"throughput,":[140],"lowest":[142,196],"consumption":[144],"both":[146,170,205],"training":[147,161,182],"inference,":[149,188,208],"inference":[153,213],"efficiency,":[155],"while":[156,222],"demonstrated":[158],"efficiency.":[163,184,215],"For":[164],"BERTLarge":[165],"pre-training,":[166],"outperformed":[169],"in":[175,204],"terms":[176],"time,":[178],"However,":[185],"achieved":[191],"shortest":[193],"time":[194],"consumption;":[198],"exhibited":[200],"throughput":[203],"pre-training":[206],"along":[209],"with":[210],"discuss":[217],"our":[218],"observations":[219],"findings":[221],"exploring":[223],"associated":[225],"tradeoffs.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}