{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387951256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951","title":"Lightweight Model for Emotion Detection from Facial Expression in Online Learning","display_name":"Lightweight Model for Emotion Detection from Facial Expression in Online Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387951256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101154799","display_name":"Md. Rayhan Kabir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Rayhan Kabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089476507","display_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ali Akber Dewan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030707600","display_name":"Fuhua Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-093X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86897205","display_name":"Athabasca University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3xgc52","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuhua Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athabasca University,School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology,Athabasca,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86897205"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"174","last_page":"179"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9491000175476074,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.771783709526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.7410096526145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.7290838956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.7123849987983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.688072919845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6176484227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4963403344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.48960214853286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-learning","display_name":"Online learning","score":0.4862998425960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4403437674045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"Learning environment","score":0.43882161378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.4325329065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4289048910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4244455397129059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.4238329529762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-detection","display_name":"Emotion detection","score":0.4222787320613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"Affective computing","score":0.4177154004573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.2701437175273895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.08821892738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08077949285507202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.771783709526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.7410096526145935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.7290838956832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.7123849987983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.688072919845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6176484227180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4963403344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.48960214853286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986087404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15946010","display_name":"Online learning","level":2,"score":0.4862998425960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4403437674045563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.43882161378860474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4325329065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4289048910140991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4244455397129059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.4238329529762268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.4222787320613861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6438553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Affective computing","level":2,"score":0.4177154004573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2701437175273895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.08821892738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08077949285507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece58730.2023.10288951","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008814061","https://openalex.org/W2041616772","https://openalex.org/W2161208890","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2462985838","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2588855640","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2890771888","https://openalex.org/W2903078188","https://openalex.org/W2904483377","https://openalex.org/W2919890647","https://openalex.org/W2963325986","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W3191909034","https://openalex.org/W4233356904","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6728184133","https://openalex.org/W6737664043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3080495370","https://openalex.org/W2336827033","https://openalex.org/W2922915988","https://openalex.org/W4285597148","https://openalex.org/W2505228240","https://openalex.org/W2901531394","https://openalex.org/W4319430321","https://openalex.org/W1970739466","https://openalex.org/W2141866768","https://openalex.org/W2787157782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"educational":[1],"emotion":[2,26,53],"of":[3,27,107,156,168],"students":[4,29],"is":[5,40,91],"important":[6],"as":[7],"this":[8,79],"plays":[9],"a":[10,19,83,104,119,164],"vital":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,18,51,63,93,99,130,154],"their":[14,31],"learning":[15,37,44,85,116,140],"process.":[16],"Generally,":[17],"regular":[20],"classroom,":[21],"instructors":[22],"can":[23],"observe":[24],"the":[25,28,108,143,148,159,171],"by":[30],"facial":[32,55],"expressions.":[33,56],"In":[34,78],"an":[35,138],"online":[36,139],"platform,":[38],"it":[39],"quite":[41],"challenging.":[42],"Deep":[43],"architectures":[45,59,117,161],"are":[46,60,69],"found":[47,146],"to":[48,72,97],"be":[49],"efficient":[50],"detecting":[52],"from":[54],"However,":[57],"these":[58],"very":[61],"deep":[62,84,115],"nature":[64,94],"and":[65,95],"computationally":[66],"expensive,":[67],"which":[68,90,134],"not":[70],"suitable":[71,96],"deploy":[73,98],"on":[74,88],"students\u2019":[75],"edge":[76,100],"devices.":[77,101],"study,":[80],"we":[81,145],"propose":[82],"architecture":[86,110,150],"based":[87],"MobileNet,":[89],"lightweight":[92],"We":[102],"performed":[103],"comparative":[105],"analysis":[106],"proposed":[109,149],"with":[111,158],"some":[112],"other":[113],"state-of-the-art":[114,160],"using":[118,137,163],"dataset":[120],"called":[121],"\"Spontaneous":[122],"Facial":[123],"Expression":[124],"Database":[125],"for":[126],"Academic":[127],"Emotion":[128],"Inference":[129],"Online":[131],"Learning":[132],"(OL-SFED)\"":[133],"was":[135],"developed":[136],"platform.":[141],"From":[142],"comparison,":[144],"that":[147],"showed":[151],"competitive":[152],"performance":[153],"terms":[155],"accuracy":[157],"while":[162],"significantly":[165],"less":[166],"number":[167],"parameters":[169],"than":[170],"others.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}