{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308090775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354","title":"Whale Optimization Algorithm for Color Image Segmentation using Supra-Extensive Entropy","display_name":"Whale Optimization Algorithm for Color Image Segmentation using Supra-Extensive Entropy","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308090775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045888789","display_name":"Baljit Singh Khehra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-7068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baljit Singh Khehra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjabi University,Department of Mathematics,Patiala,Punjab,India","Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University,Department of Mathematics,Patiala,Punjab,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013640071","display_name":"Arjan Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-9211"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjan Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Garhshankar,BAM Khalsa College,Hoshiarpur,Punjab,India","BAM Khalsa College, Garhshankar, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Garhshankar,BAM Khalsa College,Hoshiarpur,Punjab,India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BAM Khalsa College, Garhshankar, Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043648621","display_name":"Ms. LovepreetKaur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79161377","display_name":"Punjabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xdn8y92","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ms. LovepreetKaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Punjabi University,Patiala,Punjab,India","Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University,Patiala,Punjab,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79161377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1015,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3990559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"130","issue":null,"first_page":"395","last_page":"401"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8248072862625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7430968284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.675932765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5849976539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.49188971519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48559731245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.47836488485336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4760144352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4428724944591522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4427781403064728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-histogram-thresholding","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","score":0.4191640019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.41349613666534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.41253572702407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3275929093360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.28254637122154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06785973906517029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8248072862625122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7430968284606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.675932765007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5849976539611816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.49188971519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48559731245040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.47836488485336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4760144352912903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4428724944591522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4427781403064728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202577368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576067","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","level":5,"score":0.4191640019416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.41349613666534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.41253572702407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3275929093360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.28254637122154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06785973906517029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece49351.2022.9918354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969351979","https://openalex.org/W1970800786","https://openalex.org/W1996248842","https://openalex.org/W1997065995","https://openalex.org/W2004266256","https://openalex.org/W2007083035","https://openalex.org/W2021422668","https://openalex.org/W2024746652","https://openalex.org/W2030161124","https://openalex.org/W2054097208","https://openalex.org/W2071836643","https://openalex.org/W2077110530","https://openalex.org/W2081200191","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2084648010","https://openalex.org/W2099808703","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2141613985","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2157259291","https://openalex.org/W2259436614","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2484752968","https://openalex.org/W2605810061","https://openalex.org/W2606234828","https://openalex.org/W2913227116","https://openalex.org/W2920865086","https://openalex.org/W2946358419","https://openalex.org/W3021372168","https://openalex.org/W3046026881","https://openalex.org/W3087165791","https://openalex.org/W3093951177","https://openalex.org/W3097493276","https://openalex.org/W3154570837","https://openalex.org/W3189131763","https://openalex.org/W3199883375","https://openalex.org/W3202030927","https://openalex.org/W4200105137","https://openalex.org/W4200542395","https://openalex.org/W4220751146","https://openalex.org/W4221117867"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990592446","https://openalex.org/W2032558130","https://openalex.org/W2353864504","https://openalex.org/W2356573839","https://openalex.org/W4237142086","https://openalex.org/W2327601824","https://openalex.org/W2356903262","https://openalex.org/W2106833984","https://openalex.org/W2111883783","https://openalex.org/W2009028679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0,9],"segmentation":[1,18,101],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"for":[6,65,80,91,135,159],"image":[7,82,98,139,163],"analysis.":[8],"thresholding":[10,22,33,55,60,84,100,123],"technique":[11],"is":[12,23,34,129,152,183,187,194,248,274],"one":[13],"of":[14,39,45,72,114,122,215,236,255,282],"the":[15,69,73,111,115,126,137,161,169,246,253],"most":[16],"effective":[17],"techniques.":[19],"Although,":[20],"bi-level":[21,32,66],"widely":[24],"applied":[25],"to":[26,86,130,154,221],"segment":[27],"non-complex":[28],"color":[29,40,46,81,97,138,162,210],"images,":[30],"however,":[31],"not":[35],"suitable":[36],"in":[37,213,260],"case":[38,44],"complex":[41,47],"images.":[42],"In":[43,143],"images":[48,212],"which":[49],"contain":[50],"multiple":[51,88,165],"objects,":[52],"only":[53],"multi-level":[54],"works":[56],"efficiently.":[57],"The":[58,191,241],"conventional":[59,74],"approaches":[61,75,178],"give":[62],"efficient":[63],"results":[64,243],"thresholding,":[67],"but":[68],"time":[70,112],"complexity":[71,113],"may":[76],"be":[77,103],"excessively":[78],"high":[79],"multilevel":[83,99],"due":[85],"search":[87,131],"threshold":[89,133,157,217],"values":[90,134,158],"three":[92],"(red-green-blue,":[93],"RGB)":[94],"components.":[95],"Thus,":[96],"can":[102],"considered":[104],"as":[105,120],"NP-hard":[106],"combinatorial":[107],"optimization":[108,177],"problem":[109],"because":[110],"searching":[116],"procedure":[117],"increases":[118],"exponentially":[119],"levels":[121],"increase.":[124],"Here,":[125],"major":[127],"objective":[128,150,171],"optimal":[132,156,216],"segmenting":[136,160],"into":[140,164],"appropriate":[141],"segments.":[142,166],"this":[144],"paper,":[145],"Supra-Extensive":[146],"entropy":[147],"based":[148,176],"new":[149],"function":[151],"designed":[153],"find":[155],"For":[167],"optimizing":[168],"proposed":[170,192],"function,":[172],"two":[173],"well-established":[174],"population":[175],"Whale":[179],"Optimization":[180],"Algorithm":[181],"(WOA)":[182],"explored.":[184],"Such":[185],"approach":[186,193],"called":[188,201],"WOA-based":[189],"SEEMT.":[190],"compared":[195],"with":[196],"Grey":[197],"Wolf":[198],"Optimizer":[199],"(GWO)":[200],"GWO-based":[202],"SEEMT":[203],"algorithm.":[204],"Experiments":[205],"are":[206],"performed":[207],"on":[208],"six":[209],"benchmark":[211],"terms":[214,261],"values,":[218],"peak":[219],"signal":[220],"noise":[222],"ratio":[223],"(PSNR),":[224],"uniformity,":[225,265],"structure":[226,231],"similarity":[227,232],"(SSIM)":[228],"index,":[229,234],"mean":[230],"(MSSIM)":[233],"number":[235],"iterations":[237],"and":[238,257,268],"CPU":[239],"time.":[240],"experimental":[242],"show":[244],"that":[245],"there":[247],"no":[249],"significant":[250],"difference":[251],"between":[252],"performance":[254],"WOA-SEEMT":[256,272],"GWO-SEEMT":[258,278],"algorithms":[259],"quality":[262],"parameters":[263],"PSNR,":[264],"SSIM":[266],"index":[267,270],"MSSIM":[269],"while":[271],"algorithm":[273],"much":[275],"faster":[276],"than":[277],"from":[279],"computational":[280],"point":[281],"view.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}