{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2547586878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","title":"Control verification via off-line co-simulation","display_name":"Control verification via off-line co-simulation","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2547586878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","mag":"2547586878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113789538","display_name":"Mellitus Ezeme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mellitus Ezeme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026015448","display_name":"Eman Hammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6069-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eman Hammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077035168","display_name":"Deepa Kundur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-1847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepa Kundur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1399231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.7004259824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6302871704101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6250836849212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5973929762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5439940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4727892577648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-line-communication","display_name":"Power-line communication","score":0.47060757875442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.45748889446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.44226643443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.44197946786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4403917193412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.41213130950927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4026643633842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.38118335604667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3740656077861786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3620966672897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.34070172905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2471652328968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16474241018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.15923473238945007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.7004259824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6302871704101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6250836849212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5973929762840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5439940690994263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4727892577648163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271870","display_name":"Power-line communication","level":3,"score":0.47060757875442505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.45748889446258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.44226643443107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.44197946786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4403917193412781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.41213130950927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4026643633842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.38118335604667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3740656077861786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3620966672897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.34070172905921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2471652328968048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16474241018295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.15923473238945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2016.7726665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W852328664","https://openalex.org/W1971084949","https://openalex.org/W1981274070","https://openalex.org/W1985238386","https://openalex.org/W1992144243","https://openalex.org/W2000044792","https://openalex.org/W2016789951","https://openalex.org/W2040942959","https://openalex.org/W2051212315","https://openalex.org/W2061995321","https://openalex.org/W2084348641","https://openalex.org/W2094501275","https://openalex.org/W2096281230","https://openalex.org/W2100125461","https://openalex.org/W2111008392","https://openalex.org/W2146466181","https://openalex.org/W2171120269","https://openalex.org/W2327424337","https://openalex.org/W6623619180","https://openalex.org/W6645499298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333017163","https://openalex.org/W2964937504","https://openalex.org/W2169268775","https://openalex.org/W2749199243","https://openalex.org/W2142933425","https://openalex.org/W4366813529","https://openalex.org/W4220876800","https://openalex.org/W2333530803","https://openalex.org/W2347673489","https://openalex.org/W2371966636"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power":[0],"systems":[1],"are":[2,77],"evolving":[3],"to":[4,59],"accommodate":[5],"more":[6],"renewable":[7],"sources":[8],"of":[9,17,23,33,74,88],"energy,":[10],"and":[11,35,49],"sophisticated":[12],"control":[13,50,66],"systems.":[14],"A":[15,85],"characteristic":[16],"the":[18,21,30,75,96],"evolution":[19],"is":[20,54,93],"integration":[22],"a":[24,57,80],"communication":[25,64],"network":[26],"overlay":[27],"that":[28],"controls":[29],"bilateral":[31],"flow":[32],"energy":[34,90],"information.":[36],"We":[37],"develop":[38],"an":[39,89],"off-line":[40,97],"smart":[41],"grid":[42],"co-simulator":[43],"test-bed":[44,53,76],"from":[45],"off-the-shelf":[46],"communication,":[47],"power":[48],"simulators.":[51],"The":[52,72],"targeted":[55],"as":[56],"tool":[58],"help":[60],"researchers":[61],"verify":[62],"various":[63],"enabled":[65],"schemes":[67],"designed":[68],"for":[69],"distribution":[70],"system.":[71,84],"benefits":[73],"illustrated":[78],"on":[79],"low":[81],"voltage":[82],"microgrid":[83],"test":[86],"case":[87],"management":[91],"system":[92],"evaluated":[94],"using":[95],"co-simulation":[98],"test-bed.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}